tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86537904927597727212024-03-08T16:20:38.371-08:00Maturitní otázkyNejvětší databáze studijních materiálů pro střední a vysoké školy.dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03879966974055453166noreply@blogger.comBlogger10168125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-27968756328869552582015-05-04T06:02:00.000-07:002015-05-04T06:12:49.524-07:00Témata pro ústní maturitní zkoušku z ANJ1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Family Life, my Autobiography<br />
Members of my family, my relatives, my grandparents (their jobs, interests, looks and personalities).<br />
Speaking about myself (where and when you were born, education, hobbies), my daily programme, my weekend and holidays.<br />
My plans for the future.<br />
<br />
2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Culture in my Life, Lifestyles, Image<br />
Culture in your life. Cultural facilities in your town.<br />
Going to the cinema. Music you listen to. Your favourite musician or singer. Dances.<br />
Describe your visit to the theatre or cinema. What kind of performances can you see at the theatre?<br />
Architectural styles – visiting chateaus, castles, museums.<br />
Seasonal clothing, casual x formal. School uniforms or not.<br />
<br />
3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Brno – the Centre of Moravia<br />
Location, dominants, castle Spilberk and other sights, museums, galleries, theatres, industry in Brno, the Brno Reservoir, Masaryk racetrack , opportunities for recreation and sports, describing a part of Brno where you live, if not, comparing with your place.<br />
<br />
4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Housing<br />
Housing in Britain, housing in my country.<br />
Living in the country, living in the town.<br />
My home, my room. Things I do at home. Household tasks.<br />
What is your idea of pleasant, comfortable living?<br />
<br />
5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Media<br />
Where can you get news and information?<br />
TV, the importance of TV, harmful effects of TV on viewers, types of programmes, channels. What programmes are you interested in? Why?<br />
Newspapers and magazines. What sections do newspapers contain? British newspapers (tabloids,broadsheets). What newspapers and magazines do you subscribe to or buy?<br />
What newspapers and magazines are the most popular in your country? What magazines do teenagers read?<br />
Cinema. Information on the Internet.<br />
<br />
6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some Facts from AmericanHistory<br />
First people in America. First Europeans in America. The Pilgrim Fathers.<br />
The Boston Tea Party. The War of Independence.<br />
The Civil War. Abraham Lincoln. The Emancipation Proclamation. Racism.<br />
The United States in the 20th century.Some American presidents.<br />
<br />
7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hobbies and Free time<br />
Collecting, exchanging things<br />
Outdoor hobbies<br />
Indoor hobbies<br />
Typical hobbies for women and men<br />
Hobbies for small children and older people<br />
Passive x active hobbies<br />
Reasons for hobbies<br />
<br />
8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>London and Great Britain<br />
Geography -location, countryside, rivers, lakes, climate.<br />
Division of GB<br />
London and other important places in GB<br />
Have you ever been to GB? Would you like to go there? Where? Why?<br />
<br />
9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Travelling<br />
Reasons for travelling.<br />
Advantages and disadvantages of travelling.<br />
Different means of transport. What can travel agencies arrange for you?<br />
What do you need when going abroad?<br />
Where can you find accommodation? What kinds of luggage can you use for travelling?<br />
Your longest or most memorable journey. What countries have you been to? What countries would you like to see and why? Where are you going on holiday this summer?<br />
<br />
10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Motorway Traffic and the Car<br />
Advantages x disadvantages of motorway<br />
What is necessary to dowhen you want to drive off<br />
Maintenance of the car<br />
Documents for driving<br />
Types of car<br />
Traffic signs<br />
Exterior and interior parts of a car<br />
Car(s) in your family<br />
Possibilities of reducing traffic, how to avoid traffic jams.<br />
<br />
11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sports and Games<br />
Why are sports and games important for people?<br />
Indoor and outdoor sports. Summer and winter sports.<br />
What sports can be practised all the year round?<br />
What sports are popular in your country, Great Britain and in the U.S.A.?<br />
What sports facilities are there in your town?<br />
Describe your lessons of physical education.<br />
My attitude to sports.<br />
The Olympic Games.<br />
<br />
12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Weather, Climate, Seasons of the Year<br />
Describe four seasons of the year, the season you prefer and why.<br />
How does the weather influence your mood?<br />
Name some flowers, trees, birds.<br />
What do people wear in different seasons? What activities do they do?<br />
Describe today’s weather .<br />
Natural disasters.<br />
<br />
13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The English-Speaking Countries (Canada, Australia and NZ)<br />
Some English speaking countries, location, oceans, mountains, rivers, lakes, the British Commonwealth of Nations.<br />
Climate, population, national economy.<br />
Plants and animals, tourist attractions.<br />
The places you would like to visit.<br />
<br />
14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Czech Republic + Prague<br />
Over the map of the Czech Republic-geography. Industry, agriculture, climate.<br />
Some places of interest (Prague, Brno, spas, castles, mountains,.....).<br />
My favourite place, places for holidays<br />
<br />
15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Social Issues<br />
Homelessness. Reasons why people become homeless. How can we help them?<br />
Drug abuse. Why do people start taking drugs? Why are drugs dangerous?<br />
How can we help drug addicts?<br />
Bullying. Who are bullies and how do they bully their victims?<br />
Charities. Who do charity organizations help? How do charities raise money? Do you know any charity organizations? How can we help people in the third world countries?<br />
Racial discrimination.<br />
Reasons for emigrating.<br />
<br />
16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Books and Reading<br />
Why do people read? What sort of literature do people read?<br />
What sort of books are you interested in?<br />
Some British writers-the Middle Ages ( Beowulf), the Renaissance (Chaucer, Shakespeare),17th and 18th centuries (Milton, Fielding, Defoe, Swift, Scott),Victorian Age, 20th century, and American writers (Poe, London, Twain, Hemingway, Francis Scott Fitzgerald....).<br />
<br />
17.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sightseeing in New York and in the USA<br />
Over the map (industry, agriculture, rivers, lakes, climate, population, languages).<br />
Points of interests.<br />
Cities and towns; New York, Washington.<br />
The places you would like to visit.<br />
<br />
18.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Shopping and Services<br />
The names of some specialized shops and what they sell there.<br />
Different types of shops, the „serve-yourself“ system.<br />
Czech shopping habits, shopping possibilities in your town.<br />
What goods can a foreign visitor to your country buy as a souvenir?<br />
What do you like and hate about shopping?<br />
Adverts.<br />
Banks. Possibilities of paying.<br />
Kinds of money.<br />
Bargaining, sales.<br />
Post offices. Writing and posting a letter. Formal and informal letters.<br />
<br />
19.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Health and Diseases<br />
Describe your visit to the doctor.<br />
What diseases do most people suffer from?<br />
What diseases do children suffer from?<br />
Specialist doctors. Some incurable diseases. Giving first aid.<br />
The ways of keeping fit.<br />
The human body.<br />
<br />
20.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Jobs and Professions. My Future Career<br />
Tools, machines and processes. Describeschool workshops. Workshop at home or only a toolbox ? Summer and weekend jobs. How can you get a job? Describe a job interview.<br />
Name some jobs and professions. Working hours. Job centres.<br />
What do you think are well-paid jobs and badly paid jobs? What are prospective jobs?<br />
What do you expect from your future career?<br />
What would you never like to do, what would you like to do? Why?<br />
My parents' jobs.<br />
<br />
21.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Festivals and Traditions<br />
Some British festivals. New Year´s Eve, St.Valentine´s Day (Feb.14), Easter,Guy Fawkes Night<br />
(Nov.5),Christmas.Christmas in your country.<br />
Some American festivals. Memorial Day(May.30), Independence Day (July 4), Columbus Day<br />
(Oct.12), Thanksgiving Day(4th Thursday in Nov.), Halloween(Oct.31).<br />
<br />
22.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>System of Education in Our Country, Great Britain and the U.S.A.<br />
Education in the Czech Republic – pre-school, primary, secondary and university education,<br />
compulsory and optional subjects, exams.<br />
My school, my lessons, my class, my schoolmates.<br />
My future studies, my future career.<br />
Education in Britain-schools, exams, universities.<br />
<br />
23.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Food and Meals<br />
Czech and British meals. My eating habits.<br />
What British and Czech people eat at Christmas.<br />
How to keep fit. What food should you avoid? Why?<br />
What meals do you like? What can you cook?<br />
Name some kinds of meat, fruit and vegetables.<br />
Your kitchen equipment.<br />
<br />
24.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Modern Science and Technologies<br />
Interesting discoveries in the history ( Newton, Faraday, Pasteur, Edison...)<br />
Nobel Prize<br />
Computers (Internet, e-mail, e-learning, e-shopping).<br />
Tomorrow's World (Prediction about future).<br />
Mobile phones and their capabilities.<br />
Space shuttles and rockets.<br />
<br />
25.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nature and Environmental Protection<br />
Air population, acid rain. How can the problems of air pollution be solved?<br />
Rain forests. Why are trees and plants important?<br />
The greenhouse effect.<br />
Water pollution. Waste.<br />
Animals in dangers. National parks and nature reserves.<br />
Things we should do and things we shouldn’t do to protect our planet.<br />
How do you try to be “green“ (friendly) to the environment?<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-86166679106368540502015-05-04T06:01:00.002-07:002015-05-04T06:01:27.722-07:00Food and meals - Right nutrition is important for the healthy and beautiful body. Right nutrition is important for the healthy and beautiful body. We should eat food where are lots of vitamins and mineral elements, but we should avoid too much sugar and fat. Healthy food includes for example brown sugar, wholemeal bread, fruit or vegetable. Today there are many shops with healthy food and ingredients and in the supermarkets we can find fresh fruit and vegetable all over the year.<br />
People usually eat three times a day . When we eat something between the meals it's called a snack.<br />
The day normally starts with breakfast. We usually have a quick breakfast - a slice of bread or a breadroll with butter, margarine or some spread, sometimes also cheese or ham, and a cup of tea, coffee, milk or cocoa, or just a glass of juice. The British people like ham and eggs for breakfast or some slices of buttered toast with some jam or honey. Porridge, musli or cornflakes with milk are also popular. They like to drink strong tea with milk not only for breakfast, but also during the day.<br />
In the Czech Republic, people prefer having their main meal at noon, while the British eat just a light meal at midday and they call it lunch. It often consists of some sandwiches, filled with cheese, ham and vegetables. Our midday meal, however, is the main meal of the day and it is called dinner (the British usually have it in the evening). It usually starts with some soup, which is followed by the main dish. Our national Czech dish is dumplings with pork and cabbage. We also like Wiener schnitzel, which is pork coated with flour, egg and breadcrumbs and fried in oil, with potatoes or potato salad. Beef is usually served with some sauce - tomato sauce or cream vegetable sauce. Another popular dish is fried cheese with tartar sauce. To be more healthy, we should eat more chicken, fish and other seafood instead of pork, beef and mutton. Our most popular fish is carp at Christmas and trout. Meat should always be lean and eaten together with some vegetable - for example carrots, peas, beans, lettuce, cauliflower, beetroot and so on.<br />
After the main dish there can be a dessert - a cake or other sweets, stewed fruit, ice-cream or sundae - and a drink - lemonade, fruit juice, mineral water, beer or wine, if we celebrate something.<br />
In the evening we eat supper which is usually a light meal - some bread, sausages or vegetable salad.<br />
If people are in a hurry and they are hungry, they can buy some takeway food at a fast food shop in the street - pizza, hamburger, hot-dog, grilled chicken. In Britain are popular fish and chips.<br />
When we celebrate something or we would like to taste some special meal, we can go to a restaurant. There are helpful waiters and waitresses who serve us at the table. We can choose from a variety of meals, but it can be quite expensive. Chinese, Indian and Greek restaurants are very popular and they offer delicious spicy dishes.<br />
Meals are generally prepared by women. Women like to cook, exchange recipes and buy cookery books. The majority of men don't like to cook but they like to eat good food. There is a proverb:” The way to a man's heart is through his stomach”. But some men can also cook very well and they are chefs in good restaurants. There are different ways how to prepare food - meat can be roasted, fried, boiled, stewed, grilled or smoked, but pastry is baked. We need many things for preparing and eating the meal - they are cutlery (spoons, forks and knives), wooden spoons, glasses, cups, plates, pans, casseroles and many others.<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you like to eat during the day? What are your favourite meals? Do you like fast food?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Can you cook?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do you often go to a restaurant?<br />
<br />
<br />
nutrition<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výživa<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lean<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>libový<br />
avoid<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyhnout se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>peas<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hrášek<br />
fat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tuk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>beans<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fazole<br />
wholemeal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>celozrnný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lettuce<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hlávkový salát<br />
fresh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èerstvý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cauliflower<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kvìták<br />
snack<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>svaèina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>beetroot<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èervená øepa<br />
slice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krajíc<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stewed fruit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kompot<br />
breadroll<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rohlík<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sundae<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zmrzlinový pohár<br />
spread<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pomazánka; rozetøít<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sausages<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>párky<br />
ham<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>šunka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>waiter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èíšník<br />
porridge<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ovesná kaše<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>delicious<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chutný, lahodný<br />
noon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>poledne<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spicy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>koøenìný<br />
soup<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>polévka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recipe<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recept<br />
dish<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chod (jídla)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cookery book<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kuchaøská kniha<br />
dumplings<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>knedlíky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>proverb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøísloví<br />
cabbage<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zelí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stomach<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>žaludek<br />
schnitzel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øízek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chef<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>šéfkuchaø<br />
coated<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obalený<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>roast<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>péci (maso)<br />
flour<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mouka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>smažit<br />
breadcrumbs<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>strouhanka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>boil<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vaøit<br />
sauce<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>omáèka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stew<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dusit (maso)<br />
cream<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>smetana<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>smoke<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>udit<br />
pork<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vepøové<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pastry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>peèivo<br />
beef<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hovìzí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>péci (peèivo)<br />
mutton<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skopové<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cutlery - spoon, fork, knife<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøíbor - lžíce, vidlièka, nùž<br />
carp<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kapr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wooden spoon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vaøeèka<br />
trout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pstruh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>talíø<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pan; casserole<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pánev; hrnec<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-40731136344245148642015-05-04T06:00:00.004-07:002015-05-04T06:00:51.448-07:0019 System of education in our country - The Czech Republic, Great Britain and the USA The Czech Republic<br />
In our country, education is compulsory for all children from the age of 6 to 15. There are also some pre-school institutions: cr?ches for little children up to 3 years, then nurseries or kindergartens, where the children can play with toys, sing or go for a walk.<br />
At the age of 6 the child starts to attend primary school.(also basic or elementary school). From 1st to 5th class there is only one teacher for all subjects and the pupils learn reading, writing, counting, drawing and so on. They have few subjects and short lessons. From 6th to 9th class the pupils have more subjects and usually different teachers for different subjects. They learn Czech language, Maths, foreign languages (English, German, French, Russian), Geography, History, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Physical education and others. After finishing basic school, the children take the entrance exams to secondary schools.<br />
It can be a secondary grammar school (“gymnázium”) for students who want to study at university or a secondary school with technical or commercial specialization. After four years at a secondary school (usually at the age of 19), the students take the leaving examination in 4-5 subjects (one of them is usually optional). Most of these exams consist of written and oral parts. The leaving exams of students at the Technical Secondary School of Engineering must be taken in engineering technology or machine construction and operation - students with specialization of general engineering have both subjects, the others have different subject according to their specialization (for example information systems). The next two subjects are Czech language and literature, and then mathematics or foreign language. The future secretaries in engineering have economics and accounting.<br />
After secondary school students can apply for university and they must take entrance exams for university they want to study. In Brno there is the Technical University of Brno and Masaryk University which has many faculties - for example the Faculty of Art, the Faculty of Science, Medicine, Law and so on. The oldest university in the Czech Republic is Charles University in Prague founded in the 14th century.<br />
The USA<br />
In the USA education is under control of each state and there are variations in different states. Most 14-year-old children move from elementary school to high school (synonym for our secondary school). After passing graduation exams (mostly written) at the age of 18 they get High School Diplomas. Before applying for a university, the students from low-standard schools can go to junior colleges, which prepare them for entrance exams required by colleges (these provide courses which lead only to Bachelor Degrees) or universities (courses leading to both Bachelor and higher degrees). The oldest university is Harvard near Boston, founded in 1636. American colleges and universities compete in sports and provide good conditions (and scholarships) for good sportsmen (athletes, football players and others). Private schools and universities are very expensive and many students work during their studies to pay for their education.<br />
Great Britain<br />
At the age of 11, the children go to a secondary school. It may be a grammar school, which is selective, or many more secondary schools are comprehensive - providing general education in 3 basic subjects (English, mathematics and science), and 7 other subjects. Comprehensive schools are non-selective (they are no entrance tests), and mostly free of charge (students don't have to pay for it). There are also some so called public schools which are private (that's why expensive) and have a good reputation - for example Eton.<br />
Students can leave school at 16 when they take leaving exam and they get General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). Those who want to continue at university usually stay at their secondary school until 18 and they take Advanced level exams (“A” levels). There are 47 universities in Great Britain, the oldest ones are Oxford and Cambridge.<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Describe our school and equipment in the classrooms. Which subjects are taught at our school?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What would you like to do after your leaving exam?<br />
<br />
compulsory<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>povinný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pass the exam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>projít zkouškou<br />
crech?s<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jesle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>require<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyžadovat<br />
nursery; kindergarten<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mateøská škola<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>conditions<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podmínky<br />
attend<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>navštìvovat (školu)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>scholarship<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stipendium<br />
take the exam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dìlat zkoušku<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>subject<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>školní pøedmìt<br />
entrance exam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøijímací zkouška<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>comprehensive school<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>brit. všeobecná støední škola<br />
leaving exam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>maturitní zkouška<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>public school<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>brit. soukromá støední škola<br />
apply for<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøihlásit se na<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>free of charge<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdarma<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-68080784219049314472015-05-04T05:59:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:59:46.074-07:00Public holidays in English-speaking countries Every country has its typical holiday when some memorable event is celebrated. Then there are some holidays which are celebrated all over the world - for example Christmas or Easter. These two are religious festivals celebrated mainly by Christians.<br />
Christmas is celebrated in December. It is the celebration of Christ's birth, but also a family holiday. On Christmas Eve (Dec 24) people in the Czech Republic usually give presents to one another. This is not the same in Great Britain where people only decorate the Christmas tree on 24th December but they get presents on 25th December (Christmas Day). They believe that Father Christmas (in the USA it's Santa Claus) comes down the chimney the previous night and puts the presents under the Christmas tree. Father Christmas wears a red suit and rides a sleigh with four reindeer. On Christmas Eve, he sets out from the North Pole and visits children's homes. He goes down the chimney and leaves presents in the stockings that children hang up at their beds. So children in Great Britain open their presents on Christmas Day in the morning. At noon families have their traditional Christmas dinner - roast turkey and Christmas pudding. They also sing carols - such as Jingle Bells or Silent Night. In the Czech republic, however, the traditional Christmas dinner is carp (or another fish) with potato salad.<br />
Easter is a symbol of spring and new life. Christians remember Christ's death and his return to life. The traditional symbol of Easter is the Easter egg. In Britain, the eggs are usually made of chocolate and are given to friends and relatives on Easter Sunday. In the USA, many homes organize Easter egg hunt - children look for hard-boiled eggs hidden around the house.<br />
New Year's Eve is the night of merry-making all over the world. People make New Year's resolutions but they rarely keep them. In Scotland, they have family parties and at twelve o'clock they sing “Auld Lang Syne”. They call the last day of the year Hogmanay and the first visitor on New Year brings good luck.<br />
Halloween is celebrated both in Great Britain and in the USA. This day, October 31st, is a night of traditional fun and games. Children wear masks and they dress up in costumes of ghosts and witches. They go from house to house with pumpkin lanterns. They knock the doors and say: “Trick or treat”. They want to get some treat - some sweets or money, or they can play some trick on a person - for example ring the bell and run away. This pagan holiday marks the beginning of winter.<br />
Saint Valentine's Day is not a public holiday, but it's a special day for people who are in love. People send greeting cards called Valentines to people they like or admire. Or people give gifts to one another. This holiday is celebrated on 14th February.<br />
Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated only in Great Britain and it is also called Bonfire Night. A figure of a guy is put on a bonfire and then it's burnt. There are also a lot of fireworks. This holiday commemorates November 5, 1605, when Guy Fawkes wanted to blow up the Parliament with gunpowder. But he was found in the cellar and he was executed.<br />
Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated in Ireland and in the USA, where many Irish people imigrated in 19th century. St. Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland because he brought Christianity to this country. On his holiday people make parades in the cities and they drink a lot of whisky.<br />
In the USA, there are some more special holidays:<br />
Independence Day is the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, celebrated on July 4th.<br />
Thanksgiving Day remembers the first settlers in the USA, the Pilgrim Fathers, who came to America in 1620. They survived their first winter thanks to the Indians and so they celebrated thanksgiving together. Today it's a family holiday. The whole family goes together and they enjoy a traditional dinner which is roast turkey. They speak about the things for which they are thankful. This is the day of gifts and food for poor people.<br />
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public holiday<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>státní svátek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pumpkin lantern<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dýòová lucerna<br />
memorable<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>památný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>knock<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>klepat<br />
event<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>událost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pagan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohanský; pohan<br />
celebrate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oslavovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>admire<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obdivovat<br />
religious<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náboženský<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>one another<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>navzájem<br />
decorate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdobit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>guy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chlapec<br />
chimney<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>komín<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bonfire<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vatra<br />
previous<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedchozí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>burn, burnt, burnt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pálit; shoøet<br />
sleigh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spøežení<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>firework<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ohòostroj<br />
reindeer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sob<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>commemorate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøipomínat<br />
stockings<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>punèochy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>blow up<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyhodit (do vzduchu)<br />
hang up (hung, hung)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>viset<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>gunpowder<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>støelný prach<br />
carols<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>koledy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cellar<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sklep; sklepení<br />
carp<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kapr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>executed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>popraven<br />
relatives<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøíbuzní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>anniversary<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výroèí<br />
hunt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lovit;lov<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>settler<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>osadník<br />
hard-boiled<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>natvrdo uvaøený<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>survive<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøežít<br />
merry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>veselý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>thanksgiving<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>díkùvzdání<br />
resolution<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedsevzetí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>together<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spoleènì<br />
rarely<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zøídka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>whole<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>celý<br />
ghost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>duch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>roast turkey<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>peèený krocan<br />
witch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èarodìjnice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>thankful<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vdìèný<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-17889085218957507962015-05-04T05:58:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:58:23.204-07:00Social Issues = Today’s world has many big problems: wars, terrorism, global warming, serious diseases. Social Issues<br />
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Today’s world has many big problems: wars, terrorism, global warming, serious diseases. There are also “smaller” problems of our everyday lives: social problems, problems of the society in which we live.<br />
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Drug abuse and addiction<br />
Drugs have become a big problem of the last decades as their abuse spreads, especially among young people. The most common drugs are e.g. marijuana (ganja), heroin, LSD, cocaine, crack or ecstasy. Drugs are dangerous because you can become addict very soon, sometimes even after a few uses. An addict person will do anything to get money for a dose and usually cannot get rid of his addiction by himself. Addict people also risk many diseases, such as AIDS or hepatitis, which are transmitted by blood.<br />
The drug addicts can find help in specialized centres, where they can get advice and support, or at least clean needles. For those who don’t want to come to the centres there are streetworkers who come among them and try to persuade them to look for help.<br />
Alcohol and nicotine are also drugs and their biggest danger is in the fact that they are considered “normal” and people are not afraid to try them. It has become a fashion trend to smoke and drink a lot of alcohol among teenagers, who develop addiction most easily. Another type of addiction is gambling.<br />
The worst aspect of any addiction is that it ruins not only the life of the addict person but also of their families. The use of drugs also leads to higher criminality and the sale of drugs often supports organized crime.<br />
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Homelessness<br />
Sometimes people find themselves in a difficult situation, they lose their job and home and they live in the streets, under bridges or in old cars. Some of them are alcoholics or drug addicts but many are also mentally ill and there is no one to take care of them. Homeless people’s life is not easy, they risk many diseases because of bad hygiene or they may become victims of crime or cold. They can find some help in hostels led by Salvation Army or other charity organisations where they can get some food and stay overnight for a symbolic price.<br />
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Clash of Cultures<br />
As the world is getting more and more global, people often move from country to country. The immigrants are suddenly in a totally different cultural environment and there is a strong pressure on them to accept new values. The idea of multiculturalism means that people from different countries and cultural backgrounds should be able to keep their customs. However, this often leads to total separation from the majority society and creation of ghettos where immigrants don’t have any contact with the language or culture and never become a real part of their new home country. On the other hand, there are also immigrants who don’t want to be integrated in the society; both cases usually lead to a number of problems and even violence.<br />
Most people leave their own countries for economic reasons, especially in the third world – they cannot find good jobs and earn enough money to support their families. Sometimes their conditions are worsened by natural disasters, such as drought or floods. Another reason is politics, in many countries people with different political opinions are discriminated. There are also refugees who escape from war or civil war.<br />
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Racial discrimination.<br />
Racism is mostly product of prejudice and xenophobia, the fear of strangers because they look or behave differently. It is everyone’s problem to learn to judge people not by their looks but by their actions and character. Sometimes the accusation of racism serves only as a cover-up for people who can’t or don’t want to cope with cultural differences or to find a compromise between the new and the old society.<br />
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Bullying<br />
It is not only the “adult” world but also the world of children and students, which suffers from social problems. A bully is somebody who teases and tortures others, usually the weakest in the class, verbally or physically. The bully is not alone; he has a group of friends who support him, and the bullying takes place with the silent consent of the rest of the class.<br />
Bullying by colleagues at work is called mobbing, and if it is done by the boss, we call it bossing.<br />
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Charities<br />
These are voluntary organisations which help people in need. “Voluntary” means that people work without getting any money, in their free time. There are many things you can do for charity – you can assist in children’s homes, help old and helpless people, be a voluntary fireman, raise money for charity (e.g. sell white pencils to help the blind, bricks for houses without barriers, sunflowers to fight cancer etc.), clean up parks and woods, or you can go abroad and build schools and hospitals in underdeveloped countries or help victims of natural disasters. If you don’t feel like doing charity work yourself, you can always donate money.<br />
The most famous international charity organisation is the Salvation Army, which helps the poor and the homeless. Other well-known organisations in the Czech Republic which help worldwide are Adra or People in Need, they e.g. organised help to people in Asia after the tsunami.<br />
There are also charity foundations organised by famous people, e.g. Tereza Maxová Foundation, which helps orphaned children.<br />
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abuse<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zneužívání<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flood<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záplavy<br />
addict<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>závislý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>refugee<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>uprchlík<br />
dose<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dávka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>civil war<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>občanská válka<br />
get rid of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zbavit se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prejudice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>předsudek<br />
transmit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>přenášet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>behave<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chovat se<br />
advice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rada<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>accusation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obvinění<br />
support<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podpora<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cover-up<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zástěrka<br />
needle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jehla<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cope<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyrovnat se<br />
gambling<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hráčství<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tease<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trápit<br />
hostel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ubytovna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>torture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>týrat<br />
victim<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oběť<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>consent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>souhlas<br />
Salvation Army<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Armáda spásy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>underdeveloped<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozvojový<br />
accept<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>přijmout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>donate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>darovat<br />
values<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hodnoty<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>People in Need<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Člověk v tísni<br />
customs<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zvyky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>foundation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nadace<br />
drought<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sucho<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>orphaned<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>osiřelý<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-91659548198484676232015-05-04T05:57:00.003-07:002015-05-04T05:57:41.988-07:00Science, technology and the environment In the history of mankind there have been many famous scientists and inventors. Important discoveries have been made in geography, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, astronomy and so on. There are many technical inventions which make our lives easier and which are necessary for modern life. For example electricity, engines, telephone, computers, Internet - we can't imagine our lives without these things. And yet, several hundred years ago people didn't know them. So we should mention some important inventions and discoveries made by British and American inventors.<br />
Isaac Newton (1641-1727) was a mathematician, physicist and an astronomer. He is known for his laws of motion, the idea of gravity and for his experiments with light. It is said that he saw a falling apple and then the idea of gravity came to his mind.<br />
Michael Faraday is called “the father of modern electricity”. He discovered electromagnetic rotation (it is the basis of every generator used today) and the first dynamo - it is a generator that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.<br />
James Watt was a Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine.<br />
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and the gramophone.<br />
Sir Alexander Fleming is known as “the father of antibiotics” because he discovered penicilin. The production of penicilin started during World War II.<br />
Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors in American history. He patented 1,300 inventions, for example the electric light bulb.<br />
The greatest inventors are awarded the Nobel prizes. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist who invented the dynamite and some other explosives. There was a fund established under his will. The distribution of prizes began in 1901 to those who brought greatest benefits to mankind in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Winners receive their awards on December 10, which is the anniversary of Nobel's death. Also two Czechs got this prize - Jaroslav Heyrovský for his work in chemistry and Jaroslav Seifert for his beautiful poetry.<br />
When we speak about modern technologies and inventions, we should mention the use of computers. Computers are used for many things. We use them in the office, because we don't need too many papers and the work is more effective. Computers are good for entertainment too - we can watch films, play computer games, listen to music, surf the Internet or send e-mails to our friends. The army uses computers for simulations of the war operations , for controlling the rockets and many other things. Computers are good in industry, for example for operating machines or for designing new products.<br />
Many people look for information on the Internet. The Internet is a source of information that is accessible through a computer. It consists of millions of pages of data about many different subjects. Millions of people surf the Internet every day. If we have the website address of the company or service that we want, we simply type it and the webpage that we want appears automatically on the screen. If we haven't got a particular website address, there are several directories that can help us such as AltaVista or Yahoo!.<br />
There are also other modern technologies that have been developed recently. Space shuttles, space stations and satellites are used in space exploration. Lasers (beams of highly concentrated light) are used in the production of all kinds of goods as well as in practical medicine and research. But many inventions have destructive effects - for example some weapons used in war or atomic bomb.<br />
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Inventors have developped new technologies to protect our environment. They are for example waste disposal technologies, methods of recycling, new types of fuel and so on. We must protect our environment because it is badly damaged. The air, water and soil are contaminated by chemicals. One form of air pollution is acid rain that causes the destruction of forests. Car exhaust fumes and emissions from power stations pollute the air too. Other problem is thinning of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the destructive ultraviolet rays. The ozone layer is damaged by chemicals produced by cars and factories. Our ecosystem is also threatened by global warming. Many animals are endangered and they may become extinct. They are killed for their fur or just for fun. The endangered animals are written in so called Red book.<br />
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you use computer for? Have you got one at home?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you think of the Greenpeace movement? Would you join them?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How can you protect the environment in your neighbourhood?<br />
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mankind<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lidstvo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recently<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>v nedávné dobì<br />
imagine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedstavit si<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>space shuttles<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vesmírné lodì<br />
mention<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zmínit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>exploration<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prùzkum<br />
inventors<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vynálezci<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>beam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>paprsek<br />
laws of motion<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zákony pohybu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>research<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výzkum<br />
steam engine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>parostroj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>weapon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zbraò<br />
light bulb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>žárovka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>protect the environment<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chránit životní prostøedí<br />
award<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ocenit (udìlit cenu)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>waste disposal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>odstraòování odpadu<br />
established under his will<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ustanovena podle jeho poslední vùle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fuel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>palivo<br />
benefit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøínos<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>air pollution<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zneèištìní vzduchu<br />
receive<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obdržet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>acid rain<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kyselý déš<br />
anniversary<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výroèí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cause<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zpùsobit<br />
entertainment<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zábava<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>exhaust fumes<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výfukové plyny<br />
source<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdroj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>power station<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>elektrárna<br />
accessible<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøístupný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ozone layer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ozonová vrstva<br />
consist of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skládat se z<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ultraviolet rays<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>UV paprsky<br />
appear x disappear<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>objevit se x zmizet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>threaten by<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ohrozit èím<br />
screen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obrazovka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>global warming<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>globální oteplování<br />
particular<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>konkrétní; urèitý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>endangered animals<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ohrožená zvíøata<br />
directory<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyhledávaè<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>extinct<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyhynulý<br />
develop<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyvinout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fur<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kožešina<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-8931939908981969252015-05-04T05:57:00.000-07:002015-05-04T05:57:08.278-07:00Brno is the second biggest town in the Czech Republic and its population is about 400,000. It's a modern, industrial city, the seat of the Supreme Court Brno is the second biggest town in the Czech Republic and its population is about 400,000. It's a modern, industrial city, the seat of the Supreme Court and an important centre of education (Masaryk University and the Technical University of Brno). It is situated in South Moravia at the confluence of the rivers Svratka and Svitava. It has an international airport and it is also an important railway junction.<br />
The dominant of Brno is Petrov Hill with the monumental Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, which is the oldest church in Brno.The present neo-Gothic appearance comes from the 19th century. You can see the spires of the cathedral from a great distance.<br />
The Špilberk castle is situated in the centre of Brno on a hill next to Petrov. You can climb the hill and enjoy the view of Brno and its surroundings. The castle was built by the Czech king Pøemysl Otakar II. to protect the royal town of Brno. In the 17th century it became an important regional fortress and the Swedish army wasn't able to conquer it during the Thirty-Years' War. Then it was a prison for the people of the Habsburg Empire. Now there is a museum with many exhibitions, visitors can also explore the underground and in summer fireworks are launched from the Špilberk castle.<br />
In Brno there are many churches, monasteries and convents. In churches there are still ceremonies, but some of the monasteries and convents have been changed into museums, galleries or hospitals. The monastery next to the St. Thomas Church is now a place where are collections of the Moravian Gallery, and the Convent of St. Anna at Pekaøská street has been a hospital for a long time.<br />
Many tourists visit the Old Townhall and the legendary Brno dragon (in fact, it is a crocodile). If you want to see the whole town, you can climb up the stairs of the look-out tower. The town council has its seat in the New Townhall at Dominican Square. Another attraction is the Capuchin crypt where more than one hundred mummies of capuchin monks can be seen.<br />
Brno's history is documented in many museums. The central building of the Moravian Museum is at Cabbage Market. An exhibition on the history of mankind can be seen in the Anthropos pavillion (there is for example the stuffed mammoth). At the exhibition ground in Pisárky there are many exhibitions held during the year.<br />
In the evenings, people can go to theatres or cinemas. There are some well-known theatres in Brno, such as Janáèek Theatre or Mahen Theatre.<br />
Brno has a long industrial tradition. Engineering products are well-known all around the world and they are exhibited at the Brno International Engineering Trade Fair every year. The electrotechnical industry is also important. But some of the engineering factories in Brno have problems in present, so the situation in industry isn't what it used to be.<br />
Some old industrial parts of Brno are polluted, but the inhabitants of Brno have many opportunities for recreation and sports. There are many parks - the largest one is called Lužánky. Near this park is situated one of the most modern sport centres in our republic - the Boby centre. The most popular sports in Brno are football, ice-hockey, basketball or volleyball.<br />
A popular place for recreation is the Brno Reservoir. Families like to visit the nearby zoo. Not far from the reservoir you can find the Masaryk racetrack, which every year tests the qualities of motorbike racers.<br />
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<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which part of Brno do you live in? What is it like there? What do you like and dislike in Brno?<br />
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population<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obyvatelstvo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>launch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vystøelit (vzhùru)<br />
the Supreme Court<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Nejvyšší soud<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>monastery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mužský klášter<br />
education<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vzdìlání<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>convent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ženský klášter<br />
confluence<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soutok<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>townhall<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>radnice<br />
airport<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>letištì<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>whole<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>celý<br />
railway junction<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>železnièní uzel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>look-out tower<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozhledna, vyhlíd. vìž<br />
church<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kostel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>town council<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mìstská rada<br />
spire<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vìžièka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>monk; nun<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mnich; jeptiška<br />
distance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vzdálenost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cabbage Market<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Zelný trh<br />
surround<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obklopovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stuffed mammoth<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vycpaný mamut<br />
surroundings<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>okolí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>engineering<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>strojírenství, - ský<br />
royal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>královský<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pollute<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zneèistit<br />
fortress<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pevnost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>opportunity<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøíležitost<br />
conquer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dobýt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the Brno Reservoir<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Brnìnská pøehrada<br />
the Habsburg Empire<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Habsburská monarchie<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>racetrack<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>závodní okruh<br />
firework<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ohòostroj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-8764504502953815562015-05-04T05:56:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:56:28.650-07:00Sports and games<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sport plays a very important role in people's lives. People do some sport to be in a good condition, to strenghten their body, to be more healthy or to keep slim. It can be a good way of relaxing to play some sport with friends, and sometimes also a great fun. When you do some sport activity, you concentrate on it and you forget your daily problems for a moment.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Let's speak about some typically summer sports, although some of them can be also practised indoors in winter.<br />
Light athletics is called the queen of sports and includes many disciplines. These are for example runs (marathon, relay race, hurdle race), jumps (long jump, high jump, triple jump, pole vault) and throws (discus, javelin throwing, shot put, hammer throw). Athletes can also compete in decathlon, which includes ten athletic disciplines. If you like jogging, it is in fact running for fun.<br />
Some people enjoy water sports. They like swimming in the swimming pool, in the lake or in the sea. We recognize several swimming styles - breaststroke, backstroke, crawl or butterfly stroke.<br />
If you are more adventurous, you can try diving, surfing, windsurfing, water skiing, rafting or yachting. There are competitions in rowing or canoeing. Many young people like going down the river, sleeping under the tent and exploring the countryside around the river.<br />
Collective sports such as football, tennis, volleyball or football-tennis are traditional summer sports. We have our national football league and many people like to watch the football matches of their favourite teams. In football there are ten players and one goalkeeper in each team. A coach is very important in collective sports because he makes important decisions - about tactics, who will play on which position and he also guides the training. Some sportsmen have their own trainer (e.g. in tennis).<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In winter we can do skiing, skating, sledging or we can play ice-hockey. Skiing is represented by down-hill skiing (downhill race, slalom), cross-country skiing and ski jumping. Snowboarding is also a very popular winter sport. Skating includes figure skating or speed skating.<br />
Ice-hockey is a very fast sport. Hockey players move on the ice-rink and they play with hockey sticks and a puck.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Typical indoor sport is gymnastics. It is practised in a gymnasium on various gymnastics apparatuses, such as a horizontal bar, parallel bars or a balance beam. In the gym you can also practise weightlifting and bodybuilding or some martial arts - for example boxing, fencing, judo, karate, wrestling and so on.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are many outdoor sport activities. We can mention cycling, car racing, horse racing or some dangerous sports, for example rock climbing, bungee-jumping and parachuting.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The most popular sports in Britain are football, athletics, horse races, cricket or rugby.<br />
There is a famous tennis tournament played in Wimbledon. In Great Britain we can find many golf fields. In this game competitors hit the ball with a club so that it would fall into a hole.<br />
For American people are the most attractive sports baseball, basketball or ice-hockey. There is National Basketball Association (NBA) and National Hockey League (NHL). In the game of baseball one player wears a leather glove and a face mask and the other holds a bat in his hands. The others are ready to run. In basketball there are five players in each team and they try to put the ball into the basket which is installed on a backboard.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are also some problems in the world of sport. For example aggressive fans at the stadiums, bad injuries or deaths during competitions, some sportsmen take drugs to be stronger or to win the race. You can earn a lot of money if you are a good professional sportsman so taking drugs is a great temptation.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The biggest sport event are the Olympic games which are held every four years in winter and in summer. The Games were named after Olympia in Greece, where they were held in the ancient times. The first modern Olympic games were symbolically organized in Athens in 1896. The Olympic flag has five interlaced circles of different colours - it is a symbol of the friendship of all the races from five continents.<br />
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strenghten<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>posílit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>puck<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>puk<br />
athletics; athlete<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>atletika; atlet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>gymnasium<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tìlocvièna<br />
include<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zahrnovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>horizontal bar<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hrazda<br />
relay race<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>štafeta<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>parallel bars<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bradla<br />
hurdle race<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bìh pøes pøekážky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>balance beam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kladina<br />
pole vault<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skok o tyèi<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>weightlifting<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vzpírání<br />
javelin throwing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hod oštìpem<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bodybuilding<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>posilování<br />
shot put<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vrh koulí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>martial arts<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bojová umìní<br />
compete, competition<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soutìžit; soutìž<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fencing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>šerm<br />
recognize<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozeznat, rozlišovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wrestling<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zápas<br />
diving<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>potápìní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mention<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zmínit<br />
rowing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>veslování<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>horse racing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dostihy<br />
tent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rock climbing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>horolezectví<br />
explore<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prozkoumávat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>club<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>golfová hùl<br />
football-tennis<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nohejbal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hole<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>díra, jamka<br />
match<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zápas<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>leather glove<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kožená rukavice<br />
goalkeeper<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>brankáø<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hold, held, held<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>držet; konat se<br />
coach<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trenér mužstva<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>baseballová pálka<br />
trainer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trenér<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fanoušek<br />
sledging<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sáòkování<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stadium<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stadion<br />
down-hill skiing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sjezdové lyžování<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>injury<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zranìní<br />
cross-country skiing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bìžkové lyžování<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>temptation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pokušení<br />
figure skating<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krasobruslení<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>event<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>událost<br />
speed skating<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rychlobruslení<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flag<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vlajka<br />
ice-rink<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kluzištì<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>interlaced<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>propojený<br />
hockey stick<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hokejka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Which sports do you like to practise? What new sport would you like to learn?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do you watch sports on TV or do you go to the stadium to watch sport events?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Are you a fan of any sport club or a team? Who is your sport hero – why do you admire him?<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-84484865488462699982015-05-04T05:55:00.005-07:002015-05-04T05:55:49.203-07:00Motorway traffic and the car There are various ways of transport. One of them is going by car. Nowadays almost every family has got a car. We can mention several advantages of this means of transport. This way of travelling is quite comfortable and faster than going by train or by bus. We can go wherever we want. We can easily organize our shopping and other necessary things. Some people use the car to go to work. There is a wide range of services for motorists so when your car breaks down, help is nearby.<br />
But there are also a lot of disadvantages of motoring. The petrol is quite expensive especially if you go by car alone. The cars pollute the air in the towns (even if some cars have catalytic converters). Moreover, there are more and more accidents on the motorways. Cars are damaged, people are hurt or killed. Many young men drive very fast to show off and they underestimate the danger of high speed. But the biggest disadvantage of motoring is that people become very lazy and they are fat because of lack of movement.<br />
If we want to drive a car, we need a driving licence. So we must attend a driving school where we can practice driving and we'll also learn some traffic rules and traffic signs. In the beginning, people are taught to fasten their seat belts after getting into the car. When we want to drive off, we must turn the ignition key, press down the clutch and put the car in first gear with the gear lever. Then we must slowly release the clutch and press the accelerator. (Release the handbrake if necessary). We look into the mirror, turn on the indicator and drive off. If it is dark or foggy, we switch on the headlights. During the way we should watch all the indicators on the dashboard and hold the steering wheel comfortably. If we need to stop our car - for example before the traffic lights, when the light is red, we take our foot off the accelerator and press the footbrake and the clutch.<br />
We should know something about the maintenance of a car. We should sometimes wash it in the car wash. We should regularly check the lights, check the tyre pressure, change the oil, add distilled water in the radiator, add the window washing liquid, recharge the battery if it's flat and many other things. If there is any problem, we must take our car to the garage for service. We should have a spare wheel and a tool box in the boot, and of course, enough petrol in the tank. A first-aid kit is also necessary. For safe travelling it is good to have all-weather tyres to reduce the risk of skidding. Chains are useful in winter.<br />
It may happen that we puncture our tyre if we drive over broken glass or a nail. If the tyre is flat, we must change the wheel. It's a matter of about 10 minutes if we use a jack. We should make sure that the handbrake is on, loose the nuts with the spanner and then jack up the car. We take the wheel off, put the spare wheel on, tighten the nuts and we can drive off.<br />
If a policeman stops a driver, he probably wants to see his driving licence, registration card, certificate of title and comprehensive. But there can be also some problem, for example high speed or wrong parking, so the driver must pay a fine.<br />
There are many types of cars for different uses. For exploring the wild nature is necessary a jeep, for representation a limousine, for bigger family an estate car (a station wagon), for enjoying free ride a convertible, for sport fans a sports car and for transportation of heavy things a pick up.<br />
When we drive, we should follow the traffic signs. They are for example GIVE WAY(when we must stop and let the other cars pass), NO ENTRY (we mustn't go there), PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (where people cross the road), SPEED LIMIT (we shlould slow down), ONE-WAY STREET and many more.<br />
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pollute<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zneèistit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>radiator<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chladiè<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jack<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zvedák<br />
catalytic converter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>katalyzátor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recharge the battery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dobít baterii<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nuts<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>matky<br />
show off<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedvádìt se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>garage<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>servis<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spanner<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>klíè (na matky)<br />
underestimate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podcenit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spare wheel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náhradní kolo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tighten<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>utáhnout<br />
because of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kvùli<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tool box<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>box na náøadí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>driving licence<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øidièák<br />
lack of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nedostatek èeho<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>petrol (US gas)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>benzín<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>registration card<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>malý technièák<br />
movement<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohyb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tank<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nádrž<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>certificate of title<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>velký technièák<br />
driving school<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>autoškola<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>first-aid kit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lékárnièka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>comprehensive<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>povinné ruèení<br />
release<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>uvolnit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skidding<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>smyk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> a fine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pokuta<br />
traffic lights<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>semafor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chains<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øetìzy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>an estate car<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kombi<br />
maintenance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>údržba<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>puncture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>propíchnutí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>a convertible<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kabriolet<br />
car wash<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>myèka pro auta<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nail<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>høebík<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>traffic signs<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dopravní znaèky<br />
tyre pressure<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tlak v pneumatikách<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prázdný; plochý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pedestrian crossing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøechod pro chodce<br />
You should be able to describe the parts of a car.(Match the following words with the numbers on the picture).<br />
EXTERIOR<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>INTERIOR<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
aerial<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>anténa<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>accelerator<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pedál plynu<br />
body<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>karoserie<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>footbrake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>brzdový pedál<br />
bonnet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kapota<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>car radio<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>autorádio<br />
boot<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kufr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>clutch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spojka<br />
bumper<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nárazník<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dashboard<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>palubní deska<br />
door handle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>otvírání dveøí, klika<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>driver's seat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sedadlo øidièe<br />
engine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>motor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>gear lever [li:vr]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øadicí páka<br />
exhaust pipe<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výfuk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>glove box (compartment)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>odkládací schránka<br />
headlight<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøední reflektor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>handbrake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ruèní brzda<br />
indicator<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>blinkr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>horn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>klakson<br />
lock<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zámek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ignition<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zapalování<br />
number plate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>SPZ<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>indicator switch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zapínání blinkru<br />
petrol (fuel) cap<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>víèko nádrže<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>passenger seat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sedadlo spolujezdce<br />
rear light<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zadní svìtlo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>petrol (fuel) gauge [geidž]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ukazatel paliva<br />
rear window<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zadní okno<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rear-view mirror<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zpìtné zrcátko<br />
roof rack<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>støešní nosiè (“zahrádka”)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>seat belt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bezpeènostní pás<br />
tyre<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pneumatika<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>speedometer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tachometr<br />
wheel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kolo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>steering wheel <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>volant<br />
windscreen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èelní sklo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>automatic transmission<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>automatická pøevodovka<br />
windscreen wiper<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stìraè<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>air-conditioning<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>klimatizace<br />
wing (mudguard)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>blatník<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>alarm system<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>alarm<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Describe your family car (what brand it is, what equipment there is etc.); brand = znaèka<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Have you got a driving licence? Do you often drive a car? What for?<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-14162346469151926542015-05-04T05:55:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:55:13.207-07:00Cultural life in our country<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The culture of a nation is characterized by its art (paintings, sculptures, music, literature, theatre, film, architecture), customs (style of living, popular activities and so on) and ideas (philosophy, religion, science, education).<br />
Music is a typical example of national culture. Some famous composers were born in our country - such as Antonín Dvoøák, Leoš Janáèek, Bohuslav Martinù or Bedøich Smetana. People who love classical music can visit many music festivals. The most famous music festival is called The Prague Spring and it has been held every year since 1948. It has always been opened with Smetana's composition My Country and closed with Beethoven's 9th symphony. But there are other towns which have their own music festivals, including Brno. There are also folk festivals with folk music, dances and costumes, where the regional art (e.g. pottery, embroidery) is exhibited and sold to the visitors.<br />
Most young people prefer modern music. They like to go to disco or to rock concerts which are often held at large sport stadiums, especially if some world-famous groups are invited.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Theatre lovers can go to different types of theatres where they can see old or modern drama, comedies, tragedies, historical plays, musicals and operas. Among the most popular Czech dramatists belong Josef Kajetán Tyl, Ladislav Stroupežnický, Mrštík brothers, Karel Èapek, Milan Uhde or Pavel Kohout. For example J.K.Tyl wrote the play Fidlovaèka - in this performance was sung the song “Where is my home?”, which later became our national anthem.<br />
We've also had some great opera singers and actors. Not many young people are interested in opera, but they enjoy seeing musicals or modern adaptations of classical dramas. One of the first musicals performed in our country was Jesus Christ Superstar and this modern rock-opera has become very successful.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We can admire various architectural styles while visiting castles, chateaus, cathedrals or churches. In their interiors there are also collections of paintings, sculptures, furniture and historical arms. Galleries and museums attract people to see permanent and temporary exhibitions.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Apart from architecture, art collections, concerts and theatres, national culture is also represented by film industry. People go to the cinema or watch television where they can choose from many films. Or they can see a film on the video. Our film makers have very good reputation in the world and some of the Czech films were even nominated for the Oscar. The last Czech film that got this award was Kolya (as the Best foreign language film of the year).<br />
In the Czech Republic there are two private TV channels – Nova and Prima. They depend on advertising and that's why TV serials are sometimes called soap-operas (some American TV serials were sponsored by companies producing soap and washing powders).<br />
Many people like to listen to the radio - they can choose from many private or state radio stations in our country.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When we talk about culture, we should mention books, magazines and newspapers. Our bookshops are full of literature of fact and fiction - encyclopedias and novels. But it's not easy for books to compete with today's videos and computers, because a lot of up-to-date information can be found for example on the Internet.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How often do you go to the theatre? When did you go last time?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Have you seen any interesting exhibition recently?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What kind of films do you like? Do you prefer Czech films or American ones?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Who is your favourite actor, singer or another artist?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What kind of books do you like to read? What's your favourite magazine or newspaper?<br />
<br />
art<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>umìní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>performance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedstavení<br />
custom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zvyk, obyèej<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>anthem<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hymna<br />
religion<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náboženství<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>permanent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trvalý<br />
science<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vìda<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>temporary<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>doèasný<br />
composer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hudební skladatel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>award<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ocenìní<br />
classical music<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vážná hudba<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>private<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soukromý<br />
hold, held, held<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>konat se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>depend on<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záviset na<br />
including<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vèetnì<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>advertising<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>reklama<br />
pottery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hrnèíøství<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soap<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mýdlo<br />
embroidery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výšivka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>washing powder<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prací prášek<br />
most<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vìtšina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mention<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zmínit<br />
among<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mezi (více)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>full of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plný èeho<br />
belong<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>patøit, náležet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>compete<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soutìžit<br />
play<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>divadelní hra<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>up-to-date<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>moderní<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-46441013928131216242015-05-04T05:54:00.004-07:002015-05-04T05:54:40.355-07:00My autobiography, my home, family and friends1.My autobiography<br />
<br />
1.Where and when were you born?<br />
2.Your education<br />
3.Your hobbies<br />
4.Your plans for future<br />
5.Parents, brothers and sisters<br />
<br />
<br />
2.My home, family and friends<br />
<br />
1.Where do you live? Describe your house or flat.<br />
2.What is your room like? Do you share it with your brother or sister?<br />
3.Describe members of your family – appearance, character, job, hobbies.<br />
4.Do you still have grandparents?<br />
5.Your friends<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-29543983402400901202015-05-04T05:53:00.003-07:002015-05-04T05:53:45.346-07:00Health and diseases Most people know that prevention is better than cure, so babies and little children in most countries are vaccinated against serious infectuous diseases, such as polio, whooping cough, tetanus or tuberculosis. Children often suffer from common children's diseases for example mumps, measles, chicken-pox and some others, which are almost harmless in childhood, but can be dangerous in adult age. Many children must stay away from school with flu or just a common cold - that includes sore throat, runny nose, coughing and a slight fever. More and more children suffer from various allergies - some common allergens are dust and pollen (causing hay fever in summer).<br />
With some diseases, like accute appendicitis or hepatitis, people have to go to hospital for an operation or another special treatment , or just to be isolated from other healthy people. For example the affected appendix is removed by a surgeon in the operating theatre and a small scar remains after this operation. It's not very pleasant to stay in hospital, but if our family or friends come to see us during the visiting hours, it's not so bad and we can recover more quickly.<br />
Injuries from accidents can be also reason for going to hospital. When there is some serious injury, an ambulance takes the patient to hospital (sometimes to the intensive care unit). There can be bleeding from open wounds, broken bones (which must be fixed and put in plaster), cuts and bruises or concussion. People sometimes remain disabled after spinal injuries and they spend the rest of their lives in the wheel-chair. But many such people learnt to live with their handicaps and even became very good at sports.<br />
If you don't feel well, it's good to see a doctor (a general practicioner = GP, who can send you to a specialist). The doctor usually writes a prescription for some medicine (antibiotics, other pills, drops or ointments- you can get them in a pharmacy) or he can recommend a special diet. When the person has a toothache, the affected tooth must be filled or pulled out by a dentist.<br />
Many diseases are caused by unhealthy living. There are many things we can do for our health - we should sleep enough, we should eat lot of fruit and vegetables, have a lot of exercise, stop smoking (it causes lung cancer), learn how to relax and avoid stress (which is the main cause of heart attack).<br />
One of the most dangerous diseases is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) which is caused by a virus. At this time there is no cure for this disease. The only thing we can do is the prevention.<br />
All working people pay their health insurance, so that almost all medical care and the most common medicines are free of charge. But some extra treatment or vitamins can be quite expensive.<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What diseases have you had? Have you ever stayed in a hospital? Are you afraid of a dentist?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Have you ever been injured? How did it happen?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you do when you have a cold or a flu?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you do to stay healthy? Have you got a healthy lifestyle? What do you think about vegetarians?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you think about smoking? Should be the advertising for smoking forbidden?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you think of natural remedies (such as herbs) as compared to conventional medicine (pills and operations)?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What do you think of organ donation as a way to save another person's life?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
cure<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>léèba, léèit, vyléèit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>accident<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nehoda<br />
vaccinate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oèkovat <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>reason<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dùvod<br />
serious<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vážný, závažný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>patient<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pacient<br />
infectuous<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>infekèní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>intensive care unit <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jednotka intenzivní péèe<br />
disease<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nemoc<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bleeding<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krvácení<br />
polio<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obrna <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wound<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rána<br />
whooping cough<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èerný kašel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bone<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kost<br />
suffer from<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trpìt èím<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plaster <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sádra<br />
common<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zde: bìžný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cut <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øíznout; øíznutí<br />
mumps<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøíušnice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bruise<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>modøina<br />
measles<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spalnièky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>concussion<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>otøes mozku<br />
chicken pox<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plané neštovice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>páteø<br />
harmless<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>neškodný, bez následkù<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wheel-chair<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>koleèkové køeslo<br />
adult<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dospìlý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prescription <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recept<br />
flu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chøipka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>medicine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lék<br />
cold; have a cold<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nachlazení; být nachlazen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pill; tablet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pilulka; tableta<br />
sore throat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bolení v krku<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>drops<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kapky<br />
runny nose<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rýma<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ointment<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mast<br />
coughing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kašel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pharmacy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lékárna<br />
slight<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lehký<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recommend<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>doporuèit<br />
fever<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>horeèka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>toothache<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bolest zubù<br />
dust<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prach<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fill<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyplnit<br />
pollen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pyl<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pull out<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vytrhnout<br />
hay fever<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>senná rýma<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cause<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zpùsobit<br />
accute appendicitis<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>akutní zánìt slepého støeva<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>health; healthy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdraví; zdravý<br />
hepatitis<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>žloutenka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>avoid<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyhnout se<br />
treatment<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>léèba (proces)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lung<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plíce<br />
affect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zasáhnout, ovlivnit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>heart attack <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>srdeèní záchvat (infarkt)<br />
remove<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>odstranit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>health insurance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdravotní pojištìní<br />
surgeon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chirurg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>advertising<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>reklama<br />
operating theatre<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>operaèní sál <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>forbid, forbade, forbidden<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zakázat<br />
scar<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jizva<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>herbs<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>byliny<br />
remain<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zùstat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>compare<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>srovnat<br />
recover<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>uzdravit se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>organ donation <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dárcovství orgánù<br />
injury<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zranìní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-24402988611937209682015-05-04T05:53:00.000-07:002015-05-04T05:53:04.428-07:00Shopping is the activity which we do every day. Shopping is the activity which we do every day. We can buy fresh bread, some sandwich or ice-cream for a snack and newspaper or some magazine for our entertainment. We may buy things for ourselves or presents for members of our family or for the person who celebrates his birthday. Popular activity is window-shopping - you just go past the shop and look what you would like to buy.<br />
In the shops there are shop assistants who should be kind and helpful. They show us several things and we can choose one or more of them. When we buy some machine and the following day it doesn't work, we may exchange it or get the money back, but we should have the receipt. There is a guarantee for each thing. In the shop, there are trolleys or baskets, we can ask the shop assistant “How much does it cost?” or “What's the price?” and we pay at the cash-desk. Sometimes we can get a price reduction when there is a sale.<br />
It is common in our shops or at the street market to pay in cash and get your change back. But in supermarkets it is possible to pay by credit card or by cheque. It is better than paying in cash because you don't have to take a lot of money with you and you don't have to be afraid of pickpockets. Shop-lifting is a big problem too, so there are guards and videocameras in most of the shops.<br />
There are many types of shops, from the big departement stores, supermarkets and self-service shops to specialized shops and small flower stands or news-stands. In the supermarket you can buy all goods under one roof and this way of shopping is quite comfortable. But when we need some special thing, it's better to go to some specialized shop.<br />
At the grocer's we can buy food such as bread, milk, butter, flour, eggs, cheese, sugar, salt, candies, mineral water, rice, pasta and so on. At the greengrocer's there are fruits and vegetables for example apples, bananas, oranges, lemons, potatoes, onion, garlic, tomatoes, carrot, cucumbers and things like these. At the butcher's we can buy various sorts of meat: beef, pork, mutton, chicken, turkey, fish and some meat products such as ham or sausages. At the baker's we can get some bread, roll or another pastry and at a confectioner's there is a wide choice of sweets.<br />
In the shop with ready-made clothes there are many items - coats, trousers, jackets, shirts, skirts or dresses. China and glass shop offers plates, china, cups, vases and ceramics. Flowers can be bought at the florist's and rings, ear-rings and so on at the jeweller's. Sometimes we need to go to the chemist's to buy some soap, toothpaste, washing powder and cosmetics or to the pharmacy for some medicine or vitamins. We also buy shoes at the shoeshop, books at the bookshop, CDs and casettes at the musicshop. Nails and screws can be bought at the ironmonger's, a food mixer or a hair dryer at the electrical appliances.<br />
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How often do you go shopping? Is it easy for you to choose for example clothes?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Have you got some favourite shops where you like to do the shopping? Do you prefer buying things in a supermarket or in a small specialized shop?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How would you try to attract customers if you had your own shop?<br />
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fresh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>èerstvý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>goods<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zboží<br />
window-shopping<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prohlížení výloh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>roof<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>støecha<br />
kind<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>laskavý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>grocer's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>potraviny<br />
helpful<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ochotný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>candies<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bonbóny<br />
show<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ukázat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pasta<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tìstoviny<br />
following<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>následující<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>greengrocer's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zelináøství<br />
it doesn't work<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>to nefunguje<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>butcher's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øeznictví<br />
exchange<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vymìnit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>baker's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pekaøství<br />
receipt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>úètenka (v obchodì)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>confectioner's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cukrárna<br />
guarantee<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záruka; záruèní doba<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wide choice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>široký výbìr<br />
trolley<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vozík v supermarketu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sweets<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sladkosti<br />
basket<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>košík<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ready-made clothes<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>odìvy<br />
cash-desk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pokladna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>china and glass shop<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>porcelán a sklo<br />
price reduction<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sleva<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ring<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prsten<br />
sale<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výprodej<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ear-ring<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náušnice<br />
in cash<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>v hotovosti<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jeweller's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>klenotnictví<br />
change<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>drobné<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chemist's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>drogerie<br />
pickpocket<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kapesní zlodìj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pharmacy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lékárna<br />
shop-lifting<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krádeže v obchodech<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ironmonger's<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>železáøství<br />
departement store<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obchodní dùm<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>do the shopping<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nakupovat<br />
self-service shop<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>samoobsluha<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>attract<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zaujmout, pøitahovat<br />
flower stand<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kvìtinový stánek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>customer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zákazník<br />
news-stand<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>novinový stánek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-30131567532913339182015-05-04T05:52:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:52:28.251-07:00The USA are situated in southern part of North America. Their neighbours are Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. The USA are situated in southern part of North America. Their neighbours are Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. The area of the USA is 9 million square kilometers.<br />
The USA is a federation of 50 states plus the district of Columbia, which is the city of Washington (Washington D.C.). Alaska in the north is separated from the rest of the USA by Canada, and the Hawaii islands by the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. currency is the U.S. dollar. It is a democratic state. The major political parties are The Democratic Party and The Republican Party.<br />
The countryside in the USA is very varied. Central plains are bounded by the Rocky Mountains and the Coastal Mountains to west, the Appalachian Mountains to east and the lowlands around the Gulf of Mexico. The highest mountain in the USA is Mount McKinley in the Alaska Range, which is 6,194 m high. When we travel around America, we can see not only the snowy mountains in Alaska, but also hot deserts (for example Salt Lake Desert), valleys (Death Valley - 85 metres below the sea level) or deep canyons (such as the Grand Canyon). <br />
The longest rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri. It is the longest river system on the world after the Amazon and the Nile. This Mississippi Valley is one of the greatest fertile plains on the world and these plains are called prairies.<br />
The border with Canada is in its central part made by the Great Lakes Region. Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario share the USA with Canada. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world (after the Caspian Sea). The famous Niagara Falls are between the USA and Canada.<br />
There are big variations in climate. The climate is arctic in Alaska, temperate in most of the states and subtropical in Florida and Hawaii. There are often natural disasters such as fires, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes.<br />
There are many national parks in the USA, especially in the Rocky Mountains Region, with beautiful and preserved nature e.g. Yellowstone NP, Yosemite NP, Grand Canyon NP and so on. Yellowstone was the first national park on the world (founded in 1872). It is famous for its geysers of hot water, snow-covered mountains, lakes and forests.<br />
Plains along the Mississippi and in the south-east are very fertile regions where many important agricultural products are grown. These are tobacco, maize, cotton, tropical fruits and others. Wheat is grown in the north of the USA. Cattle and pig breeding is also typical of the north.<br />
The mineral resources in the USA are mainly oil and natural gas which are mined in Texas or in Alaska. But U.S. mining industry produces also coal, iron, uranium and gold.<br />
Most of the U.S. industry is concentrated in big cities- especially in the north-east in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and so on. Other big cities are Los Angeles or San Francisco on the west coast. Los Angeles is well-known for film studios in Hollywood and the residential district for rich people - Beverly Hills.<br />
San Francisco is famous for its Golden Gate Bridge. Typical industries in the USA are steel production, car industry, electronics and information technologies.<br />
The U.S. capital is Washington. It's not an industrial city and there are no skyscrapers there. But the town has the most important federal institutions, such as the White House where the president lives, The Capitol where is the Congress (the Senate and the House of Representatives) or the Pentagon, which is the Department of Defence.<br />
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neighbour<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soused<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>temperate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mírné (klima)<br />
area <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozloha<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>disaster<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>neštìstí, katastrofa<br />
square kilometer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ètvereèní kilometr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flood<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>povodeò<br />
separate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oddìlit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>earthquake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zemìtøesení<br />
rest of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zbytek èeho<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>preserved<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zachovalý<br />
currency<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mìna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>maize<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kukuøice<br />
countryside<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krajina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cotton<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bavlna<br />
plain<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rovina, planina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cattle and pig breeding<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chov dobytka a prasat<br />
bound<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lemovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mineral resources<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nerostné suroviny<br />
lowland<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nížina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oil<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ropa<br />
The Gulf of Mexico<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mexický záliv<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>natural gas<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zemní plyn<br />
desert<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pouš<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tìžit<br />
valley<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>údolí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>coal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>uhlí<br />
fertile<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>úrodný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>residential district<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obytná ètvr<br />
border<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hranice; ohranièovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>steel<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ocel<br />
waterfalls<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vodopády<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skyscraper<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mrakodrap<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>defence<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obrana<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-54494079333477628422015-05-04T05:51:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:51:42.577-07:00New York is the United States’ largest and one of the most fascinating cities. New York is the United States’ largest and one of the most fascinating cities. It is located on the Eastern Atlantic Coast, at the mouth of the Hudson River. It is an important industrial city and business centre. It is also the biggest port in the USA. Moreover, New York has the largest subway system in the world.<br />
New York is a place with the great number of ethnic groups, with immigrants coming from east Europe as well as from other places, for example Puerto Rico or China. There is high criminality - including drug battles, gang wars and other problems, for example homeless people living in the streets.<br />
The original inhabitants were Indians. The Dutch bought the island Manhattan from the Indians in 1625. Then its name was New Amsterdam. In 1644 the British captured the city and renamed it New York. Because of its favourable position it soon became an important trading port. In southern part of Manhattan there used to be a wall against Indians, now there is Wall Street – the centre of financial life with the most important stock-exchange in the world.<br />
The city consists of five parts (called boroughs), separated by several waterways. Brooklyn and Queens are situated in the western part of Long Island, while Staten Island and Manhattan are separate islands. The Bronx, to the north, is connected to the New York State mainland. These parts are linked with bridges and tunnels.<br />
Manhattan was built on a modern plan of streets and avenues which are numbered (for example Fifth Avenue is the shopping centre). Streets run from east to west and avenues from north to south. Only the oldest streets have their names - such as Wall Street or Broadway. Broadway is the centre of cultural life with many theatres. The black quarter – Harlem – is in northern part of Manhattan.<br />
New York is famous for its skyscrapers. Most of them can be seen in Lower Manhattan. They started to build skyscrapers there because of the lack of space and the high price of land on the island. The Empire State Building with its 102 floors used to be the highest building until the year 1972 when the World Trade Center was finished. But it was destroyed after the terrorist attack on 11th September 2001. The only quiet place, where it is however dangerous to go after dark, is Central Park where also famous rock concerts take place.<br />
Standing tall in the New York City harbour, the Statue of Liberty with her torch held high was the first sight that greeted millions of immigrants who came to the “new world” during the 19th and 20th centuries. A symbol of freedom and democracy, Lady Liberty now welcomes thousands of visitors every year. It is a copy of the small statue given to the USA by France in 1884, commemorating long friendship between the two nations. The statue was constructed in 1886 - on the 110th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence and it is almost 100 meters high (there is a lift and steps for visitors). Because it is on a small island, you must go there by boat from the south part of Manhattan.<br />
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mouth (přenes.)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ústí (řeky)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skyscraper<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mrakodrap<br />
port; harbour<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>přístav<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lack of space<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nedostatek místa<br />
subway<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>metro (US)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>however<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ale, avšak<br />
capture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zmocnit se; zajmout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>take place<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>konat se<br />
favourable position<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>příznivá poloha<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>torch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pochodeň; baterka<br />
trade<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obchod (obecně)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hold, held, held<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>držet<br />
stock-exchange<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>burza<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>greet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zdravit<br />
separate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dělit, oddělovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>freedom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>svoboda<br />
connect; link<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spojovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>welcome<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vítat<br />
mainland<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pevnina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>commemorate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>připomínat<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-6770649770252308612015-05-04T05:50:00.005-07:002015-05-04T05:50:57.542-07:00Hobbies and free time<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are many reasons for having a hobby. People who think that their schoolwork or jobs are tiring, monotonous or uninteresting want some relaxation. Other people enjoy their work, but they also need a change, they want some activity that give them pleasure. When we have a hobby, we can learn new things, we can train our body if we do some sport and we can meet new friends who have the same hobby. And we can be proud of our abilities and feel self-confident.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>We can collect and exchange many things - for example coins, postcards, stamps or butterflies. Collectors usually spend a lot of money to buy things for their collections. They show them to their friends or they can exhibit them on an exhibition (f.ex. paintings).<br />
People who are animal lovers keep different pets - dogs, cats, parrots, tropical fish or even snakes. If you have a dog, you must walk him, give him good food, train him. It can be very devoted friend.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If you are a talented artist, you can try many activities. You can play some musical instrument - guitar, piano, violin, flute or drums or you can be good at singing. People can prove their creativity on drawing, painting, sculpture or writing poems. Some people have expensive cameras and their own darkrooms, because they like to develop their films and print the photos by themselves. Embroidery, knitting and sewing are popular hobbies for women - they like to make their own clothes for them and their families. Men, on the other hand, are good at different do-it-yourself activities - they make furniture, they repair their cars or things at home that are broken. Some people don't have talent for art, but they like to visit various cultural events. If they live in a city, they can choose - there are cinemas, theatres, museums, art galleries ... .They can also go to a concert or disco.<br />
Travelling is also a popular hobby. If you have enough time and money, you can visit foreign country with some travel agency. There you can do the sightseeing, enjoy national food, practice your language or make trips in the countryside. If you don't have enough money, you can hitchhike and instead of staying in a hotel you can sleep in a tent or in the open air.<br />
Other outdoor activities include of course sports - for example football, tennis, swimming, skiing, riding a bike and so on. We can try many dangerous sports and activities - such as bungee-jumping, rock climbing, parachuting, water skiing. But there are also more peaceful ones - for example fishing or mushroom picking. People who have their own garden like to grow vegetables, fruit trees or flowers.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some people prefer indoor activities. It can be watching TV or video, playing computer games, playing card games, reading books or magazines or learning foreign languages.<br />
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1<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What are your favourite hobbies ? How much time and money do you spend on your hobbies?<br />
2<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When you were younger, did you have the same hobbies as now?<br />
3<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do you like activities with a lot of people? Or do you prefer to be alone or with just a few friends?<br />
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reason<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dùvod<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>drawing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kreslení<br />
pleasure<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>potìšení<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>painting<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>malování<br />
proud of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pyšný na<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sculpture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sochaøství<br />
abilities<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>schopnosti<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>writing poems<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>psaní básní<br />
self-confident<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sebevìdomý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>camera<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fotoaparát<br />
collect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sbírat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>embroidery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyšívání<br />
coin<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mince<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>knitting<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pletení<br />
postcard<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohlednice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sewing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>šití<br />
stamp<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>poštovní známka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>do-it-yourself<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kutilství<br />
butterfly<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>motýl<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>furniture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nábytek<br />
exhibition<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výstava<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>foreign country<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cizí zemì<br />
devoted<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oddaný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>travel agency<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cestovní kanceláø<br />
artist<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>umìlec<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sightseeing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prohlížení památek<br />
violin<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>housle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>make trips<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podnikat výlety<br />
flute<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flétna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>countryside<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krajina<br />
drum<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>buben<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hitchhike<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jezdit stopem<br />
prove<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dokázat, prokázat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sleep in a tent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spát pod stanem<br />
creativity<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tvoøivost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mushroom picking<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sbírání hub<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-9596403353744550712015-05-04T05:50:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:50:14.210-07:00London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. It is situated on the river Thames in south-east England. It is a seat of British government and the Parliament. It's also one of the most important world financial centres.<br />
London is about 2,000 years old. It was founded before the Roman's first invasion (43 AD) by Britons and originally it was a small fortress. During the Roman occupation it became an important trade centre. The Great Fire in 1666 destroyed almost all the city. London was reconstructed after the fire and many new monuments were built at that time (for example St. Paul's Cathedral).<br />
There are many places of interest. We can see them by walking or by various means of transport. London's famous red double-deckers go almost everywhere and they provide sightseeing tours. For fast transport we can go by the underground (called the Tube). London's underground is the oldest in the world. For London is typical a black taxi, but it's quite expensive. There are also three airports - the most important are Heathrow and Gatwick.<br />
London is the seat of the Queen and the royal family. The British Queen lives in Buckingham Palace which is open for public. Changing of the Guard is a beautiful ceremony that takes place there every day.<br />
The Houses of Parliament (The House of Lords and The House of Commons) are on the bank of the river Thames. They are in Gothic style but they were built in the 19th century after the old buildings had burnt down. There is a clock-tower with famous bell called Big Ben. Behind the Parliament buildings is one of the oldest churches in London - the Westminster Abbey (originally it was a monastery). Britain's Kings and Queens are crowned there. Many famous personalities are buried there - for example Newton, Darwin or Shakespeare.<br />
Whitehall is the street where the government offices are. Horse Guards can be seen there.<br />
Downing street 10 is the official home of British Prime Minister.<br />
Whitehall leads from Parliament Square to Trafalgar Square. This square was named after Admiral Nelson's victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's statue is situated on a high column. The square with its fountains is a very popular place for meetings. People can visit there London's biggest gallery - the National Gallery, or feed the pigeons. In the National Gallery there are many paintings by great European artists and entrance fee is free.<br />
The British museum is one of the largest museums in the world. There are big collections of animals and minerals, art collections - drawings, books, Egyptian mummies and much more things.<br />
St.Paul's Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in the world. It stands in the City. It was designed by Christopher Wren in the 17th century (after the Great Fire). Prince Charles and Lady Diana were married there.<br />
The City is the oldest part of London around St. Paul's Cathedral. The City was founded by Romans in 43 AD. Now there are many banks and offices (the most important is the Bank of England).<br />
The Tower was built in the 11th century. It was a royal palace first, then prison and fortress. Now it is a museum and we can see there the Crown Jewels guarded by so called Beefeaters in traditional uniforms.<br />
Tower Bridge is one of the most famous symbols of London. It can open in the middle and the large ships can go through.<br />
In London there are many department stores, for example Harrods. Many shopping centres are at Piccadily Circus and in Oxford Street. London is known for its parks. The largest one is Hyde park where is the Speaker's Corner. Anybody can speak there about anything he or she wants. In London there are also many theatres and concert halls, the most important are The National Theatre and The Royal Albert Hall.<br />
If you want to stand on the Zero Meridian, you can go to Greenwich. There is also the Royal Observatory and Maritime Museum.<br />
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fortress<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pevnost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>government<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vláda<br />
occupation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>okupace<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lead<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vést<br />
destroy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>znièit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>battle<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bitva<br />
provide<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>poskytovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>column<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sloup<br />
take place<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>konat se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>feed the pigeons<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krmit holuby<br />
bank<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bøeh (øeky)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>royal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>královský<br />
burn down<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>shoøet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>department store<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obchodní dùm<br />
bell<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zvon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Zero Meridian<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nultý poledník<br />
bury<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohøbít<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-76041527724255562602015-05-04T05:49:00.000-07:002015-05-04T05:49:34.876-07:00Great Britain Britain lies off the north-west coast of Europe and it is separated from Europe by the English Channel. It consists of two large islands – Great Britain and Ireland (there is situated only part of GB – the Northern Ireland) and about 5,000 smaller ones (the islands that belong to GB are for example the Isle of Man, the Hebrides, the Orkneys, the Shetlands and so on). Its neighbours are Ireland to west and France to south-east. It covers the area of about 245,000 square kilometres and the population is about 58 million people. The United Kingdom of Great Britain consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Now it is connected with Europe through the Channel Tunnel.<br />
Britain is mostly rolling land - in England there are mainly lowlands, but in Scotland the countryside is more hilly. The Highlands of Scotland are the highest mountains in Britain and there is the highest peak of GB – mountain Ben Nevis – 1,342 m high.The longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames. There are beautiful lake areas – Lake District in England and there are also lakes in Scotland, called „lochs“.<br />
Bristish Isles have milder climate due to the Gulf Stream which comes from the Gulf of Mexico to Western Europe. Weather in Britain is often cloudy and rainy and it changes very quickly.<br />
ENGLAND<br />
Besides London, which is in the centre of each tourist‘s attention, there are many other fascinating places:<br />
Oxford and Cambridge are the old university towns.These two ancient seats of learning, dating back to the thirteenth century, were for many hundreds of years the only two universities that England possessed.<br />
Stratford-upon-Avon is the birthplace of William Shakespeare.<br />
The English countryside in the south is full of peaceful harbour towns with fishing boats, yachts, cottages and the English like to spend their holidays there. Resorts such as Brighton or Portsmouth have fine sandy beaches and a nice atmosphere.<br />
Northwest of England is mainly an industrial area. There are the places where in the past the industrial revolution mainly developed – especially textile and coal-mining industries.The big cities there are Birmingham, Liverpool or Manchester.<br />
WALES<br />
Wales is sometimes called the land of castles. The land is full of mystery and beauty. There are snow-capped mountains, green valleys, sea resorts, big cities and little seaside towns. Cardiff is the capital city of Wales.<br />
SCOTLAND<br />
Scotland is a historically and culturally separate country from England. It has its own legal and educational systems and currency (the value is the same but banknotes have different design).The capital city is Edinburgh and the biggest city is Glasgow.<br />
Scotland is the land of many special traditions - playing the bagpipes, wearing kilts made of tartan and making whisky. Shipbuilding was important industry some time ago, but now the main industry is tourism.<br />
The north of the country is a large and magnificent lake and mountains area. The largest lake is Loch Lomond and Loch Ness is famous for its „Loch Ness Monster“.<br />
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lie<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ležet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>peaceful<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mírumilovný<br />
consist of <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skládat se z<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>harbour, port<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>přístav<br />
belong to<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náležet někomu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>full of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plný (čeho)<br />
cover<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pokrývat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>holiday resorts<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rekreační střediska<br />
rolling land<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zvlněná krajina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sandy beach<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>písečná pláž<br />
hilly; hill <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kopcovitý; kopec<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>atmosphere<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>atmosféra<br />
peak<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vrcholek, nejvyšší bod<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>develop<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozvíjet se<br />
lake <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jezero<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>coal-mining<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>těžba uhlí<br />
mild climate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mírné klima<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mystery and beauty<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tajemno a krása<br />
due to<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>díky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>valley<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>údolí<br />
gulf<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záliv<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>separate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oddělený<br />
The Gulf Stream<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Golfský proud<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>legal, law<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>právní, právo / zákon<br />
besides<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kromě<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>currency<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>měna<br />
attention<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pozornost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>value<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hodnota<br />
pay attention!<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dávejte pozor!<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>same<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stejný<br />
ancient seats<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>starobylá sídla<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>banknote<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bankovka<br />
possess<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vlastnit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bagpipes<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dudy<br />
birthplace<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>místo narození<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>magnificent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>velkolepý, nádherný<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-8336453874476670992015-05-04T05:47:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:47:32.874-07:00English - speaking countries English-speaking countries are those where most of the population speaks English as their mother tongue. These countries include Great Britain, Ireland, the USA and so called Commonwealth countries. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of Britain and her former colonies. It developed in the 1st half of the 20th century when Britain gave self-government to her colonies. Founding members were Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Later the Commonwealth included many African, Asian, South American and Caribbean nations (for example Kenya, The Bermudas, Jamaica, India, Gibraltar and so on). Nowadays there are about 50 independent states. It is founded more on tradition and sentiment than on political or economical principles. There is cooperation in culture, education, science and sports. Queen Elizabeth II is the formal head of this association, but she isn't the ruler of the member states. An independent member of the Commonwealth is called a dominion, where the Queen is represented by a governor general.<br />
Canada<br />
Canada is situated in the north part of North America and it includes many islands (for example Newfoundland). It is the second largest and one of the coldest countries in the world. Its neighbour is the USA in the south and north-west (Alaska). Canada has large mountain areas, especially in the west, such as Rocky Mountains. The longest rivers are the Mackenzie or the Yukon. The Great Lakes Region is on the border between the USA and Canada. There are lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario (between these two are the Niagara Falls). But there are also other beautiful lakes - for example Great Bear Lake of Great Slave Lake. The climate is very cold in the north, to the south it's getting warmer. The north of the country near the Arctic is a cold tundra, to the south there are large forests. The central plains in the south form the prairies which are very fertile and that's why good for farming and wheat growing.<br />
The country isn't densely populated, the majority of people live in big cities near the south border and the north parts are almost uninhabited. The people are mainly of British and French origin, but the original inhabitants are Indians and Eskimos (called Inuits). The capital city is Ottawa. The country is divided into ten provinces and two territories. The largest province is the French-speaking Quebec, other provinces are for example Alberta, Manitoba or Ontario. Big cities are Montreal, Toronto or Vancouver. Canada is very rich in mineral resources - gold, uranium, oil, gas and metals. It also produces a lot of timber because there are many forests.<br />
Australia<br />
Australia is the smallest continent and it is surrounded by the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Along the east coast there is the Great Barrier Reef, which is the biggest coral reef on the Earth. Most people live in big towns along the east coast, because the central parts are mostly deserts.<br />
The original inhabitants were black natives (called Aborigines). Australia was discovered by James Cook in the 18th century and then it became a colony for British prisoners. In 1850s gold was found there so many immigrants from Europe came to Australia. It became an independent state in 1901.<br />
The Great Dividing Range stretches along the east coast and there is the highest Australian mountain Mt. Kosciusko (about 2,000 metres high). The central parts are formed by deserts and the climate there is very dry and hot. There aren't many long rivers in Australia - the longest ones are the Murray and the Darling. The typical countryside is the bush. We can find there many interesting animals - such as kangaroo, koala, platypus or dingo which don't live anywhere else. Australia is in the southern hemisphere which means that it has summer when we have winter and the other way round.<br />
Minerals such as iron, coal, zinc, gold or silver are the main mineral resources. There are big sheep stations (farms) and wheat growing. The country consists of six states (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania) and two territories. The capital city is Canberra. The biggest cities are Sydney, Melbourne or Perth.<br />
New Zealand<br />
New Zealand consists of two large islands (North and South Island) and it is situated in the Pacific Ocean. The countryside on the islands is very beautiful - there are snow-capped mountains, glaciers, volcanoes and lakes. An interesting fact is that there are more sheep than people in New Zealand. The original inhabitants are the Maoris and the national symbol is the bird kiwi.<br />
<br />
mother tongue<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mateřský jazyk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>platypus<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ptakopysk<br />
the Commonwealth<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Britské společenství národů<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hemisphere<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>polokoule<br />
timber<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stavební dřevo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wheat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pšenice<br />
The Great Dividing Range<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Velké předělové pohoří<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>glacier<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ledovec<br />
stretch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>táhnout se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>volcano<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sopka<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-12836572578655602052015-05-04T05:46:00.005-07:002015-05-04T05:46:54.222-07:00English--speaking countries English-speaking countries are those where most of the population speaks English as their mother tongue. These countries include Great Britain, Ireland, the USA and so called Commonwealth countries. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of Britain and her former colonies. It developed in the 1st half of the 20th century when Britain gave self-government to her colonies. Founding members were Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Later the Commonwealth included many African, Asian, South American and Caribbean nations (for example Kenya, The Bermudas, Jamaica, India, Gibraltar and so on). Nowadays there are about 50 independent states. It is founded more on tradition and sentiment than on political or economical principles. There is cooperation in culture, education, science and sports. Queen Elizabeth II is the formal head of this association, but she isn't the ruler of the member states. An independent member of the Commonwealth is called a dominion, where the Queen is represented by a governor general.<br />
Canada<br />
Canada is situated in the north part of North America and it includes many islands (for example Newfoundland). It is the second largest and one of the coldest countries in the world. Its neighbour is the USA in the south and north-west (Alaska). Canada has large mountain areas, especially in the west, such as Rocky Mountains. The longest rivers are the Mackenzie or the Yukon. The Great Lakes Region is on the border between the USA and Canada. There are lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario (between these two are the Niagara Falls). But there are also other beautiful lakes - for example Great Bear Lake of Great Slave Lake. The climate is very cold in the north, to the south it's getting warmer. The north of the country near the Arctic is a cold tundra, to the south there are large forests. The central plains in the south form the prairies which are very fertile and that's why good for farming and wheat growing.<br />
The country isn't densely populated, the majority of people live in big cities near the south border and the north parts are almost uninhabited. The people are mainly of British and French origin, but the original inhabitants are Indians and Eskimos (called Inuits). The capital city is Ottawa. The country is divided into ten provinces and two territories. The largest province is the French-speaking Quebec, other provinces are for example Alberta, Manitoba or Ontario. Big cities are Montreal, Toronto or Vancouver. Canada is very rich in mineral resources - gold, uranium, oil, gas and metals. It also produces a lot of timber because there are many forests.<br />
Australia<br />
Australia is the smallest continent and it is surrounded by the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Along the east coast there is the Great Barrier Reef, which is the biggest coral reef on the Earth. Most people live in big towns along the east coast, because the central parts are mostly deserts.<br />
The original inhabitants were black natives (called Aborigines). Australia was discovered by James Cook in the 18th century and then it became a colony for British prisoners. In 1850s gold was found there so many immigrants from Europe came to Australia. It became an independent state in 1901.<br />
The Great Dividing Range stretches along the east coast and there is the highest Australian mountain Mt. Kosciusko (about 2,000 metres high). The central parts are formed by deserts and the climate there is very dry and hot. There aren't many long rivers in Australia - the longest ones are the Murray and the Darling. The typical countryside is the bush. We can find there many interesting animals - such as kangaroo, koala, platypus or dingo which don't live anywhere else. Australia is in the southern hemisphere which means that it has summer when we have winter and the other way round.<br />
Minerals such as iron, coal, zinc, gold or silver are the main mineral resources. There are big sheep stations (farms) and wheat growing. The country consists of six states (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania) and two territories. The capital city is Canberra. The biggest cities are Sydney, Melbourne or Perth.<br />
New Zealand<br />
New Zealand consists of two large islands (North and South Island) and it is situated in the Pacific Ocean. The countryside on the islands is very beautiful - there are snow-capped mountains, glaciers, volcanoes and lakes. An interesting fact is that there are more sheep than people in New Zealand. The original inhabitants are the Maoris and the national symbol is the bird kiwi.<br />
<br />
mother tongue<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mateøský jazyk<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>platypus<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ptakopysk<br />
the Commonwealth<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Britské spoleèenství národù<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hemisphere<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>polokoule<br />
timber<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stavební døevo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wheat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pšenice<br />
The Great Dividing Range<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Velké pøedìlové pohoøí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>glacier<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ledovec<br />
stretch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>táhnout se<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>volcano<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sopka<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-72788912716571373772015-05-04T05:46:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:46:17.426-07:00Seasons and weather The climate in our country is continental, which means that winters are cold and summers can be rather hot. There are four seasons in the year.<br />
The winter months with their short days and long nights can be quite unpleasant. The weather is usually freezing with temperatures below zero, there can be a lot of snow or mud. In the mountains there are sometimes avalanches. However, there can also be a lot of fun in winter. When the rivers and ponds freeze over, children like skating on the ice. Sledging, skiing or snowboarding is popular hobby on the snow-covered slopes in the country. Because there is not enough food for birds and animals, people help to feed them.<br />
In spring the ice and snow begin to melt, the temperatures are higher, sometimes there are spring showers and the days are more sunny and warm. The air is fresh and a rainbow can sometimes be seen on the horizon. By the end of March the day is as long as the night and it is getting longer.<br />
In summer the temperatures are high, the sun is shining, but sometimes there are storms. The weather can be quite dry and watering in the gardens is necessary. People swim in the lakes and swimming pools, they sunbathe and their bodies get tanned. But people should put on a suncream because UV rays can be dangerous. Human production of chemicals like freons has made a hole in the ozone layer and the penetrating UV rays can cause skin cancer.<br />
By the end of summer and the beginning of autumn (which is called “fall” in the USA) the weather becomes less pleasant, it's often rainy, windy and foggy. But the changing colours of falling leaves can be very beautiful.<br />
There is a difference between the climate in central Europe and that in Great Britain. The climate in England is milder than in the Czech Republic due to the Gulf Stream - it means that the summers aren't so hot and the winters aren't so cold. But the weather is more changeable and unpredictable and it's often rainy and foggy. The English people often talk about the weather.<br />
When people want to know what to wear the next day, they should listen to the weather forecast prepared by meteorologists. The temperature in our country is expressed in degrees Celsius (centigrade).<br />
A hole in the ozone layer isn't the only environmental problem. The other problem is for example the global warming. The scientists say that the global warming is caused by so called greenhouse effect, which is caused by air pollution (mainly carbon dioxide). It is simple: carbon dioxide rises up to the atmosphere and creates a thick layer around the Earth (greenhouse effect). The sun beams go through the layer but not all of them return back. So they make the Earth warm. The global warming consequently causes many climate changes - for example melting of the icebergs (and then rising of the sea level), less snow, more deserts, heavier rains and so on. There are also more and more natural disasters - devastating floods, hurricanes or tornadoes.<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What type of weather do you like most? What season of the year do you prefer?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>How does bad weather affect you? Are you sad or depressed when the weather is cloudy and cold?<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do you listen to weather forecast?<br />
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freeze<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mrznout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>shine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>svítit, záøit<br />
temperatures below zero<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>teploty pod nulou<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>storm<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bouøe<br />
mud<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bláto<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dry (opposite: wet)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>suchý<br />
avalanche<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lavina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>necessary<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nezbytný<br />
melt <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tát<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sunbathe<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>opalovat se<br />
shower<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zde: pøeháòka<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>get tanned<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>opálit se<br />
rainbow<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>duha<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hole in the ozone layer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>díra v ozonové vrstvì<br />
penetrate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>proniknout<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>carbon dioxide<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oxid uhlièitý (CO )<br />
UV rays<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ultrafialové záøení<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rise up<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stoupat<br />
cause<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zpùsobit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>create<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tvoøit<br />
skin<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kùže<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>thick (opposite: thin)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>silný; tlustý (vìc)<br />
cancer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rakovina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>layer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vrstva<br />
leaf (pl. leaves)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>list<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sun beams<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sluneèní paprsky<br />
mild<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mírný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>consequently<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>následnì<br />
changeable<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>promìnlivé<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>iceberg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ledovec<br />
unpredictable<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nepøedvídatelné<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sea level<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>moøská hladina<br />
weather forecast <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedpovìï poèasí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>natural disaster<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøírodní katastrofa<br />
express<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyjádøit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flood<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>povodeò<br />
greenhouse effect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skleníkový efekt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>affect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ovlivnit<br />
air pollution<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zneèištìní vzduchu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sad<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>smutný<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-9097613034589430592015-05-04T05:45:00.000-07:002015-05-04T05:45:04.603-07:00MASS MEDIAMass media refers to means of communicating news, information and entertainment around the world to large groups of people. The masses of people read newspapers and magazines, watch television, listen to radio and use the Internet.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The newspaper is one of the most important mass media of communication in modern society. It has great influence over public opinion. As there are a great number of newspapers, they attract public attention by means of different levels of objectivity, conciseness and amusement. Quality papers.aim at the educated reader. They contain detailed news comment, many topics written by experts in their field, literary reviews. (e.g. Dnes; the Times, the Telegraph in the UK; the New York Times, Washinghton Post in the US). Tabloid or Popular papers rely on scandalizing and sensational presentations of facts and contain gossip about famous people (e.g. Blesk, the Daily Mirror in the UK, the Globe in the US). Local papers are connected with a specific city or town (e.g. Rovnost), regional ones with a particular district (e.g. Slovácko).<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>More and more people have discovered the joy and pleasure of reading magazines. Magazines cover a large scale of topics, deal with free-time activities, hobbies and interests, reflect the world from a female perspective or men´s point of view, widen one´s horizons in terms of providing useful advice, tips and recipes. There are magaines about cars, motorbikes, computers, current affairs, fashion, films, music, sport, travel, cooking, etc.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Television is another example of mass media that has powerful impact over public. A lot of people cannot imagine their lives without watching TV and become dependent on it. It is a comfortable way of getting information and entertainment. TV offers a large variety of programmes, for example chat shows, documentaries, films, plays, soap operas, news, quizzes, game shows, children´s and sports programmes and so on. Different kinds of programmes are provided by different kinds of channels, e.g. sports by Eurosport, news by CNN, music by MTV, films by HBO, etc. The best-known British channel is BBC.<br />
The choice of programmes or channels, the amount of time spent in front of the TV screen and the frequency of watching TV depend on one´s criticality. It is argued that there are too many negative aspects connected with this type of media. One can easily get addicted to the TV world and sometimes confuse it with reality, become lazy and passive. Children are exposed to the inadequate amount of violence, brutality and sex, which may have damaging and irreversible effects upon their behaviour.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Some people prefer listening to the radio, because it may seem less time-consuming than TV, free of violence and aggressiveness, more relaxing, allowing simultaneous perfomance of some other activities. On radio we can listen to music, news, weather forecast, discussions, comments, radio plays, etc. NPR is a nationwide American radio station, in the UK the non-commercial radio stations are Radio One, Radio Two, etc. Both national and commercial stations may have various spacializations.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Internet is still not as common as newsapers or television, but the number of Internet users around the world has grown dramatically. The Internet is a computer network made up of many networks. The uses of the Internet include electronic mail, file transfer, vast information resources, chat, video rooms, multimedia displays, shopping opportunities, etc.<br />
<br />
Do you listen to the radio much? Which programmes and stations?<br />
How many hours of TV do you watch every day? What are your favourite TV channels and programmes?<br />
How can TV influence its viewers?<br />
What magazines do you read regularly?<br />
Do you ever read a newspaper? If so, which one? Which paper do your parents read?<br />
Do you ever use the Internet? What for?<br />
communicate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sdělit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>point of view<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohled, stanovisko<br />
influence, impact over<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vliv na<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>widen horizons<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rozšířit obzory<br />
conciseness<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výstižnost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>in terms of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>co se týče<br />
aim at<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zaměřovat se na<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>current<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>současný, aktuální<br />
field<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>depend on<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záviset na<br />
review<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>recenze<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>criticality<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kritičnost<br />
tabloid<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bulvární<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>argue<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tvrdit<br />
rely on<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spoléhat se na<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>addicted to <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>závislý na<br />
scandalize<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohanit, pošpinit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>confuse with<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>splést si s čím<br />
sensational<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>senzacechtivý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>inadequate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nepřiměřený<br />
gossip<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pomluvy, klepy<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>irreversible<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nezvratný<br />
regional<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oblastní<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>simultaneous<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>současně probíhající<br />
district<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>oblast, okrsek, okres<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>performance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>provádění, výkon<br />
scale<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>škála<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>file transfer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>přenos souborů<br />
deal with<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zabývat se čím<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>expose to<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vystavit čemu<br />
perspective<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohled, hledisko<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vast<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>široký, obsáhlý<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-67601949191103445282015-05-04T05:44:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:44:22.552-07:00The Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a small country in central Europe. It had been part of the larger Czechoslovakia for over 70 years, but Slovakia separated in 1993, so our republic became independent too. Our republic consists of three historical parts - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. There were many famous personalities in the history of our nation - for example the king Charles IV., John Hus (a religious reformer), Jan Amos Komenský (wrote books for teachers) or T.G. Masaryk ( the first president of Czechoslovakia).<br />
Our neighbours are Poland in the north, the Slovak Republic in the east, Austria in the south and Germany in the west. The area of our republic is about 79 000 square kilometers and its population about 10 million people. The countryside of the Czech republic is very varied: there are hills, valleys, plains, lowlands. The mountains form a natural borderline around the country. The highest peak, Snìžka, is in the Giant mountains. Other beautiful mountain ranges are for example Šumava, Jeseníky, Orlické hory and so on. There are several karst regions with remarkable caves. In the Moravian Karst there is the Macocha abbys and the underground river Punkva. The longest rivers are the Elbe, which flows into the North sea, the Vltava river and the Morava. Several dams were built on the rivers, forming large reservoirs (e.g. Lipno, Orlík, Nové Mlýny). There are only few natural lakes in the Czech Republic, but in South Bohemia there are many ponds - such as Rožmberk, Svìt or Bezdrev. All around the country there are many mineral springs and around them spas have developed. We have four national parks for example in the Giant mountains or in Šumava and many nature reserves. Our republic lies on the border between oceanic and continental climate - so the weather is quite hot in summer and cold and snowy in winter. Fortunately, there are no tornadoes or earthquakes, but there are sometimes floods.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The Czech Republic is very densely populated. There are all types of settlement: cities, towns, villages and isolated places. The biggest city is Prague with more than 1 million inhabitants. Other important cities are Brno, Ostrava or Olomouc. Historical towns that attract many tourists are Èeský Krumlov or Telè with their beautiful sights. We can also admire the beauty of Czech castles and chateaus - very famous are Karlštejn, Hluboká or Lednice.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lowlands near the river Elbe or in South Moravia are fertile regions suitable for agriculture. Our agricultural products are for example wheat, corn, potatoes or wine. South Moravia is well-known for its production of wine and there are many wine cellars. Our country is poor in mineral resources. In the Middle Ages there were gold, silver, iron, uranium, but nowadays there is only coal mining (near Ostrava and Kladno) and the other raw materials must be imported. There are two nuclear power stations (Dukovany, Temelín) which supply people and industry with electricity. Traditional industries are engineering and mining, but more and more people work in services (banks, insurance companies etc.).<br />
Our republic is a democratic country. The head of state is a president, elected for 5 years and the main political authorities are the Parliament and the Senate<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Our traditional cuisine is not very healthy, it includes pork-dumplings-sauerkraut or plum dumplings and traditional drinks are beer or wine.<br />
<br />
<br />
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independent<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nezávislý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>climate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podnebí<br />
consist of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>skládat se z<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fortunately<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>naštìstí<br />
famous<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>slavný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>earthquake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zemìtøesení<br />
personality<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>osobnost<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flood<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>povodeò<br />
neighbour<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soused<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>densely<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hustì<br />
hill<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kopec<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>settlement<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>osídlení<br />
valley<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>údolí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>inhabitants<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obyvatelé<br />
plain<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rovina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>attract<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøitahovat, lákat<br />
lowland<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nížina<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chateau<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zámek<br />
form<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tvoøit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>fertile<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>úrodný<br />
natural borderline<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøirozená hranice<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>suitable for<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vhodný pro<br />
peak<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vrchol<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>agriculture<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zemìdìlství<br />
mountain range<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pohoøí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>wheat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pšenice<br />
karst region<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>krasová oblast<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>corn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kukuøice<br />
remarkable<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pozoruhodný<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mineral resources<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nerostné suroviny<br />
cave<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jeskynì<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>coal mining<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tìžba uhlí<br />
abbys <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>propast<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nuclear power stations<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>atomová elektrárna<br />
flow<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>téci<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>supply <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zásobovat<br />
dam<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøehrada<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>industry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prùmysl<br />
reservoir<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøehradní nádrž<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>engineering<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>strojírenství<br />
few<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>málo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>services<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>služby<br />
lake<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jezero<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>insurance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pojištìní<br />
pond<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>rybník<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>elect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>volit<br />
such as<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>jako je / jsou<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>cuisine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>národní kuchynì<br />
spring<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pramen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>include<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zahrnovat<br />
spa<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>láznì<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pork-dumplings-sauerkraut<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vepøo-knedlo-zelo<br />
nature reserve <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chránìná oblast<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>plum<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>švestka<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-12745524828476491142015-05-04T05:43:00.002-07:002015-05-04T11:08:31.827-07:00Prague - the capital of the Czech Republic <a href="http://education-british-american.blogspot.cz/2008/03/czech-capital-prague.html" target="_blank">Prague</a> has been the capital of our republic since 1918, it is the seat of our government, the centre of political and cultural life in our country. Prague is often called “The Mother of Towns” or “Golden Prague”. It is situated in the very heart of Europe in central Bohemia and on the Vltava river. There are many historical monuments and the town belongs to the most beautiful cities in the world. Many tourists from all over the world come to visit Prague every year. We can find there all architectural styles: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and so on.<br />
Prague consists of six parts, mostly former towns which were integrated in the 18th century. They are The Old Town, The Jewish Town (now called Josefov), The New Town, The Little Quarter, Hradèany and Vyšehrad.<br />
The Old Town lies on the right bank of the Vltava river. It is connected to the Little Quarter by Charles Bridge, which is the oldest bridge in Prague. It was founded by the Emperor Charles IV. The bridge was later enriched with Baroque statues.<br />
In the heart of The Old Town there is the oldest preserved university building in central Europe - the Carolinum founded in 1348 by Charles IV. It's a part of the Charles University.<br />
Another historical monument there is the Powder Gate between the Old town and the New town. On The Old Town square there are several sights - such as The Old Town Hall with the astronomical clock (twelve apostles, signs of zodiac) and in the centre of the square there is the statue of Jan Hus.<br />
In The Jewish Town (Josefov) there is the old Jewish cemetery and several synagogues where are museums of Jewish culture.<br />
The Little Quarter is on the left bank of the Vltava river. Its dominant is St. Nicolas Church - the most beautiful baroque building in Prague. On the top of Petøín hill there is the Petøín look-out tower. It provides a marvellous view of the city.<br />
Everybody would like to see the Prague castle. It's about 1,000 years old. The castle was founded by Boøivoj at the end of the 9th century and became the seat of the Pøemyslid dynasty. It was reconstructed during the reign of Charles IV. The construction of St. Vitus Cathedral started in 1344 and the architects were Petr Parléø and Matthias of Arras. In the underground there are the tombs of Czech kings. From the castle we can go into Golden Lane with small houses of artisans who worked for the castle in the past. Nowadays some of these little buildings serve as shops with souvenirs. There is also the tower Daliborka which was used as a prison.<br />
The New Town was founded by Charles IV. in 1348. There is the National Theatre which was opened in 1883 with the performance of the opera Libuše by Bedøich Smetana. The National Museum is situated on Wenceslas Square. The historical and scientific collections are installed there. Wenceslas Square is also famous for the statue of knight Wenceslas on horseback. <br />
Vyšehrad castle is situated on a high rock above the Vltava river. There is the Vyšehrad cemetery. One part of the cemetery is so called Slavín, which is a collective tomb of fifty famous Czech personalities.<br />
Prague offers modern facilites for sport and recreation - sport stadiums and halls for sports and concerts, parks, swimming pools, amusement parks. There are also many theatres, cinemas, museums and art galleries. We can visit the Prague zoo to see various exotic animals.<br />
Most people in Prague live in suburbs and they travel to work by cars or by public transport. They can go by the underground, trams or buses. If you have a lot of money, you can take a taxi (but it's cheaper if you speak Czech).<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city?<br />
<br />
seat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>sídlo<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>provide<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>poskytovat<br />
government<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vláda<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>marvellous<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nádherný, úžasný<br />
belong<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>patøit, náležet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>view of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výhled na<br />
former<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bývalý<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>found<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>založit (napø. mìsto)<br />
lie,lay, lain<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ležet<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>reign<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vláda<br />
bank<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>bøeh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tomb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>hrobka<br />
connect<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spojovat<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Golden Lane<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Zlatá ulièka<br />
enrich<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obohatit<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>artisan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>øemeslník<br />
statue<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>socha<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>tower<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vìž<br />
the Powder gate<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Prašná brána<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prison<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vìzení<br />
square<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>námìstí<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>performance<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedstavení<br />
several<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nìkolik<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>knight<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kníže<br />
astronomical clock<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>orloj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>offer<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nabízet<br />
signs of zodiac<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>znamení zvìrokruhu<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>amusement park<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zábavní park<br />
cemetery<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>høbitov<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>suburb<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pøedmìstí<br />
Jew, Jewish<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Žid, židovský<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8653790492759772721.post-55050570237206694932015-05-04T05:42:00.002-07:002015-05-04T05:42:48.659-07:00Housing<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the Czech republic, people usually say that they live in a flat or a house, or own a cottage, irrespective of distinguishing features of their housing.<br />
British and American people are more careful about the specification of their homes.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In the USA people may live in an apartment (= a flat in BrE), in a ranch house (a flat long house), a bungalow ( a small wooden house), two-storey house (a square house with two floors), a duplex house (= semi-detached in BrE), etc.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In Great Britain the most typical and widely-spread houses are the so-called terraced houses, which were originally built for workers from the nearby factories. You can also find there high-rise buildings, bungalows (all the rooms are on one floor), detached houses (standing alone, surrounded by a big garden), semi-detached houses ( suburban houses joined together in twos), etc.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Types of houses differ according to structures (the number of storeys), indoor and outdoor facilities, location (in a village or a town), functions.<br />
Houses typically consist of the following rooms: a hall, kitchen, dining room, living room, bedroom, children´s room, toilet, bathroom. As opposed to flats, they can also contain a pantry, laundry, cellar, workshop, utility room, garage and the attic. As the life in the country is often connected with gardening activities, keeping domestic animals, growing and tending plants, there can be other additional facilities, such as a shed, greenhouse, pig sty, rabbit hutch, goat shed, hen house, kennels, horse stables, etc.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Houses in villages and the country seem to require much greater attention and endeavour on the part of their owners, because they have to take care not only of the interiors, which are usually more spacious than those of flats, but also of paths, flowerbeds, lawns, gardens, yards and fields. The life in the country may be quite hard and demanding, however, lots of villagers who are deeply rooted in their homeplaces enjoy the peace, purity and beauty of the surrounding countryside. They cannot imagine leaving the country for the polluted, noisy and hectic city.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The life in cities and towns is more comfortable than in the country, the city lifestyle involves more cultural, educational, professional and shopping opportunities. Nevertheless, it tends to be more anonymous, deprived of community closeness, encouragement, compassion and help.<br />
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>There are, of course, other types of residences, such as mansions, farm houses, manors, palaces, castles and chateuas. Some of them may be inhabited by rich people, some might have been abandoned and exposed to ageing and decay, the others might have been changed into museums, or simply made accessible to visitors and tourists.<br />
<br />
Housing in the USA, Britain, the Czech Republic.<br />
Living in the country and the city – differences, advantages, disadvantages.<br />
Describe your home and room, outdoor, indoor facilities and furnishing.<br />
Describe things that you do at home, household tasks that you perform.<br />
What is your idea of pleasant, comfortable living?<br />
How can people become homeless?<br />
What are housing opportunities for university students?<br />
<br />
irrespective of<br />
distinguishing features <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>nehledě na<br />
charakteristické znaky<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>require<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vyžadovat<br />
terraced house<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>řadový dům<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>endeavour<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>snaha<br />
high-rise building<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>výšková budova<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>path<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>pěšinka<br />
detached house<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>samostatný domek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>flowerbed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>záhon<br />
semi-detached house<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dvojdomek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>lawn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>trávník<br />
pantry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>spižírna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>yard<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>dvůr<br />
laundry<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prádelna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>demanding<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>náročný<br />
utility room<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kumbál<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>purity<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>čistota, neposkvrněnost<br />
tend plants<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>obdělávat, pěstovat<br />
plodiny<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>involve<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zahrnovat, obnášet<br />
shed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kůlna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>deprived of<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>připravený, ochuzený o<br />
pig sty<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>prasečí chlívek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>encouragement<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>podpora<br />
rabbit hutch<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>králíkárna<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>compassion<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>soucit<br />
goat shed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kozí chlívek<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mansion, manor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>panské sídlo, velkostatek<br />
hen house<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>kurník<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>chateau<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>zámek<br />
kennels<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>psí bouda<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>abandon<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>opustit<br />
horse stable<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stáj<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ageing and decay<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>stárnutí a rozpad<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0