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Motorway traffic and the car

     There are various ways of transport. One of them is going by car. Nowadays almost every family has got a car. We can mention several advantages of this means of transport. This way of travelling is quite comfortable and faster than going by train or by bus. We can go wherever we want. We can easily organize our shopping and other necessary things. Some people use the car to go to work. There is a wide range of services for motorists so when your car breaks down, help is nearby.
     But there are also a lot of disadvantages of motoring. The petrol is quite expensive especially if you go by car alone. The cars pollute the air in the towns (even if some cars have catalytic converters). Moreover, there are more and more accidents on the motorways. Cars are damaged, people are hurt or killed. Many young men drive very fast to show off and  they underestimate the danger of high speed. But the biggest disadvantage of motoring is that people become very lazy and they are fat because of lack of movement.
     If we want to drive a car, we need a driving licence. So we must attend a driving school  where we can practice driving and we'll also learn some traffic rules and traffic signs. In the beginning, people are taught to fasten their seat belts after getting into the car. When we want to drive off, we must turn the ignition key, press down the clutch and put the car in first gear with the gear lever. Then we must slowly release the clutch and press the accelerator. (Release the handbrake if necessary). We look into the mirror, turn on the indicator and drive off. If it is dark or foggy, we switch on the headlights. During the way we should watch all the indicators on the dashboard and hold the steering wheel comfortably. If we need to stop our car - for example before the traffic lights, when the light is red, we take our foot off the accelerator and press the footbrake and the clutch.
     We should know something about the maintenance of a car. We should sometimes wash it in the car wash. We should regularly check the lights, check the tyre pressure, change the oil, add distilled water in the radiator, add the window washing liquid, recharge the battery if it's flat and many other things. If there is any problem, we must take our car to the garage for service. We should have a spare wheel and a tool box in the boot, and of course, enough petrol in the tank. A first-aid kit is also necessary. For safe travelling it is good to have all-weather tyres to reduce the risk of skidding. Chains are useful in winter.
     It may happen that we puncture our tyre if we drive over broken glass or a nail. If the tyre is flat, we must change the wheel. It's a matter of about 10 minutes if we use a jack. We should make sure that the handbrake is on, loose the nuts with the spanner and then jack up the car. We take the wheel off, put the spare wheel on, tighten the nuts and we can drive off.
     If a policeman stops a driver, he probably wants to see his driving licence, registration card, certificate of title and comprehensive. But there can be also some problem, for example high speed or wrong parking, so the driver must pay a fine.
     There are many types of cars for different uses. For exploring the wild nature is necessary a jeep, for representation a limousine, for bigger family an estate car (a station wagon), for enjoying free ride a convertible, for sport fans a sports car and for transportation of heavy things a pick up.
     When we drive, we should follow the traffic signs. They are for example GIVE WAY(when we must stop and let the other cars pass), NO ENTRY (we mustn't go there), PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (where people cross the road), SPEED LIMIT (we shlould slow down), ONE-WAY STREET and many more.



pollute zneèistit radiator chladiè jack zvedák
catalytic converter katalyzátor recharge the battery dobít baterii nuts matky
show off pøedvádìt se garage servis spanner klíè (na matky)
underestimate podcenit spare wheel náhradní kolo tighten utáhnout
because of kvùli tool box box na náøadí driving licence øidièák
lack of nedostatek èeho petrol (US gas) benzín registration card malý technièák
movement pohyb tank nádrž certificate of title velký technièák
driving school autoškola first-aid kit lékárnièka comprehensive povinné ruèení
release uvolnit skidding smyk a fine pokuta
traffic lights semafor chains øetìzy an estate car kombi
maintenance údržba puncture propíchnutí a convertible kabriolet
car wash myèka pro auta nail høebík traffic signs dopravní znaèky
tyre pressure tlak v pneumatikách flat prázdný; plochý pedestrian crossing pøechod pro chodce
   You should be able to describe the parts of a car.(Match the  following words with the numbers on the picture).
EXTERIOR INTERIOR
aerial anténa accelerator pedál plynu
body karoserie footbrake brzdový pedál
bonnet kapota car radio autorádio
boot kufr clutch spojka
bumper nárazník dashboard palubní deska
door handle otvírání dveøí, klika driver's seat sedadlo øidièe
engine motor gear lever [li:vr] øadicí páka
exhaust pipe výfuk glove box (compartment) odkládací schránka
headlight pøední reflektor handbrake ruèní brzda
indicator blinkr horn klakson
lock zámek ignition zapalování
number plate SPZ indicator switch zapínání blinkru
petrol (fuel) cap víèko nádrže passenger seat sedadlo spolujezdce
rear light zadní svìtlo petrol (fuel) gauge [geidž] ukazatel paliva
rear window zadní okno rear-view mirror zpìtné zrcátko
roof rack støešní nosiè (“zahrádka”) seat belt bezpeènostní pás
tyre pneumatika speedometer tachometr
wheel kolo steering wheel volant
windscreen èelní sklo automatic transmission automatická pøevodovka
windscreen wiper stìraè air-conditioning klimatizace
wing (mudguard) blatník alarm system alarm

Describe your family car (what brand it is, what equipment there is etc.); brand = znaèka
Have you got a driving licence? Do you often drive a car? What for?

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