(environmental problems, their causes and results, possible solutions, public awareness, how to become more environmentally aware)
1) Environmental problems
• the environment: flora, fauna, the water, the air, the earth
• air pollution
o all beings share the air, only people pollute
o exhaust produced by cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, aeroplanes
o exhaust trapped in cities due to wind currents
o heavy industry – some factories emit SO2 (sulphur dioxide), spread by wind
o acid rains caused by mixing of SO2 with rainwater, pollutes the water and the soil (půda)
• ground and water pollution
o acid rains make trees grow slowly, get old quickly, then die
o absence of efficient cleaning system in many factories
o conventional agriculture (chemical fertilisers [frtilajzrs] (hnojiva))
o chemical based cleaning products in household (cleaning machines for villages above 1000 inhabitants)
• the hole in the ozone layer
o ozone layer – filter for the sun
o increase of skin cancer due to damage of this layer
o changes in global weather
o caused by industrial and technological way of life of 20th century (CFCs – Freon, CO2)
o in Czech Republic the worst during January and February
o ozone on the ground level (diseases, asthma, corrosion of certain materials)
• destruction of rainforests
o Amazon rain forest provides half of the world’s production of oxygen, “lungs of the Earth”
o destructed by acid rains, air pollution and people (firewood, building materials, ground)
o if we lose tropical forests: more difficult to breathe, temperature will rise (because of CO2), icecaps at the North and South Poles will melt, sea level will rise, flooding
• ecological catastrophes (oil tanker accidents, Spolana Neratovice, Chernobyl 1986)
• noise (problem of big cities)
2) Actions, which should be taken
• separate and recycle the trash, specialised dustbins (bio, paper, glass, plastic, metals; also in our scool)
• don’t waste water (showers instead of baths)
• don’t waste electricity (switch off unused lights, radio, PC etc.)
• recycle used batteries, fridges, electronics (TV, radios)
• bike when possible or use public transport, underground; catch parking fields in big cities
• use unleaded [anledid] petrol, buy a car with catalysator
• avoid using washing powders with dangerous chemicals
• don’t throw the waste in nature
• London in sixties – installation of cleaning machines to chimneys in every household
3) The environment
• ecology = science concerned with protection of the environment; at school ecological education
• alternative sources of energy: solar, water, wind, geothermal (in CR: two nuclear power plants, thermal plants, water plants on dams)
• environmental organisation Greenpeace (fights against pollution and nuclear power plants)
• animal and plant protection, save the balance of species affected by human activities (bears, wolfs, mushrooms)
• establishment of national parks and nature reserves, provide protection and opportunities for outdoor recreation
• national parks Sumava, Krnap (Giant Mountains), reservation Mohelno steppe
Žádné komentáře:
Okomentovat