Shakespeare was a big poet and wrote some nice sonnets, but the best know are his plays. He wrote 37 plays, tragedies, comedies, historical plays and romances, which is something between tragedy and comedy:
Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth and plays which are something between tragedy and a historical play – Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus.
Comedies: The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It, Twelfth Night.
Romances: Pericles, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest.
Historical plays: Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI.
Some typical features (rysy) of his plays: plots are not original, but the performance (zpracování) is. Only 3 plays are not based on a any literary topic. There are ussually 2 or 3 plots (play in play).
The Globe
Round in shape,open-air, very huge, for 3 tousand people,wooden theatre. The audience people from all social classes – aristocrats, caftsmen (řemeslníci), paople of the profession. Performences took place at 3 o´clocck in the afternoon – they didn´t play every day. Women´s roles were played by young men. It was rebuilt in 1996.
b) Telephoning
22. Summer and Winter holidays
Where can you spend your holidays?
What would you put to your luggage?
What can you do on this holidays?
Sightseeing tour
Gogles – brýle na potápění, na lyžování
Downhill, crosscountry skiing
b) At the airport
What would you put to your luggage?
What can you do on this holidays?
Sightseeing tour
Gogles – brýle na potápění, na lyžování
Downhill, crosscountry skiing
b) At the airport
23. William Shakespeare
Life:
William Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest of all dramatists all over the world. He was born on 23rd April 1564, at Stratford-upon-Avon in Henley Street as the oldest son of glovemaker John Shakespeare and his wife Mary Arden. He had one sister and one brother. William attended the local grammar school. When he was 18, he married Anne Hathaway from a nearby village Shottery. She was eight years older when he and already pregnant. They had two daughters – Susan and Judith and a son Hamnet. Hamnet and Judith were twins, but Hamnet died at the age of eleven. There are nearly no records of Shakespeare’s life during the seven years than followed except one mention that they probably still stayed at Stratford-upon-Avon. But in 1592 he came to London and joined a group of actors known as the Lord Chamberlain’s Man. Eight years later he bought his own theatre and named it the Globe Theatre, which was out door and actors played in the open air. It is also important to remind that in Shakespeare’s time here were no actresses and also women’s roles were played by men and one actor played more roles than one. First Shakespeare helped adapt or re-write older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful. Both the Queen Elizabeth I. and James I. liked him very much. One day, during a performance off Henry VIII was the Globe destroyed by fire. The Lord Chamberlain’s Men the King’s Men under the patronage of James I. His plays were first published in 1623. After his son’s death he went back to Stratford-upon-Avon and lived a quiet life with his family. Now he was a wealthy man and he bought a handsome house, the second largest in the town. The strange thing is that the died on the same day as he was born in the age of 52. The legend says that he died after a louder and noisier birthday celebration with his friends. He is buried at local Trinity Church. Here is buried also his wife and other members of this family. There are only two portraits of Shakespeare, which are authentic and one of them is the bust in Stratford-upon-Avon at Trinity Church. Today there is the Royal Shakespeare (or Swan) Theatre, which is visited by tourists from all over the world.
William Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest of all dramatists all over the world. He was born on 23rd April 1564, at Stratford-upon-Avon in Henley Street as the oldest son of glovemaker John Shakespeare and his wife Mary Arden. He had one sister and one brother. William attended the local grammar school. When he was 18, he married Anne Hathaway from a nearby village Shottery. She was eight years older when he and already pregnant. They had two daughters – Susan and Judith and a son Hamnet. Hamnet and Judith were twins, but Hamnet died at the age of eleven. There are nearly no records of Shakespeare’s life during the seven years than followed except one mention that they probably still stayed at Stratford-upon-Avon. But in 1592 he came to London and joined a group of actors known as the Lord Chamberlain’s Man. Eight years later he bought his own theatre and named it the Globe Theatre, which was out door and actors played in the open air. It is also important to remind that in Shakespeare’s time here were no actresses and also women’s roles were played by men and one actor played more roles than one. First Shakespeare helped adapt or re-write older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful. Both the Queen Elizabeth I. and James I. liked him very much. One day, during a performance off Henry VIII was the Globe destroyed by fire. The Lord Chamberlain’s Men the King’s Men under the patronage of James I. His plays were first published in 1623. After his son’s death he went back to Stratford-upon-Avon and lived a quiet life with his family. Now he was a wealthy man and he bought a handsome house, the second largest in the town. The strange thing is that the died on the same day as he was born in the age of 52. The legend says that he died after a louder and noisier birthday celebration with his friends. He is buried at local Trinity Church. Here is buried also his wife and other members of this family. There are only two portraits of Shakespeare, which are authentic and one of them is the bust in Stratford-upon-Avon at Trinity Church. Today there is the Royal Shakespeare (or Swan) Theatre, which is visited by tourists from all over the world.
In Czech very similar
Next holiday celebrated in all Christian world is Easter. It is to the memory of death of Jesus Christ. In this time people usually eat a lamb. There are many habits, as pouring water to
boys, giving painted eggs and others, in Czechoslovakia. majoruty of the habits is a rest of some pagan celebrations welcoming spring.
Now something about next holidays celebrated in the U.S.A. I have to say that each state established its own legal holidays. So people celebrate the federal legal holidays and also their own holidays.
There are many traditional holidays, observed by a large number of Americans, which are also neither legal nor official. Among them are Valentine's Day, St.Patrick's Day, Mother's Day and Halloween.
Halloween comes every October 31st, the evening before All-Saints Day. Halloween means "holy evening" and it is a holiday especially for children. Children pick large orange pumpkins then they cut faces in the pumpkins and they put lights inside. These lights are called "jack-o'laterns" which means "Jack of the latern". The children also put on strange masks and custumes. Some of them paint their faces to look like monsters. They carry boxes or bags from house to house and the adults put a treat-money or candy in their bags.
Perhaps the two "most American" of the holidays are the July 4th - Independence Day - and Thanksgiving. Independence Day is like a big, nationwide birthday party. It is a party that takes peace in neighborhoods, on beaches or in parks throughout the country. Some towns and cities have parades with bands and flags. The nation's birthday is also nation's gratest annual summer party. Every fourth Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in whole the U.S.A. in order to cemmemorate the arrival of a small group of new colonists to Plymouth in America. It's a day of the year when whole the family gets together.Traditional foods are prepared for the feast - turkey or ham, cranberry sauce and corn dishes, breads and rolls and pumpkin pie.
Other holidays are: Martin Luther's King Birthday, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day etc.
boys, giving painted eggs and others, in Czechoslovakia. majoruty of the habits is a rest of some pagan celebrations welcoming spring.
Now something about next holidays celebrated in the U.S.A. I have to say that each state established its own legal holidays. So people celebrate the federal legal holidays and also their own holidays.
There are many traditional holidays, observed by a large number of Americans, which are also neither legal nor official. Among them are Valentine's Day, St.Patrick's Day, Mother's Day and Halloween.
Halloween comes every October 31st, the evening before All-Saints Day. Halloween means "holy evening" and it is a holiday especially for children. Children pick large orange pumpkins then they cut faces in the pumpkins and they put lights inside. These lights are called "jack-o'laterns" which means "Jack of the latern". The children also put on strange masks and custumes. Some of them paint their faces to look like monsters. They carry boxes or bags from house to house and the adults put a treat-money or candy in their bags.
Perhaps the two "most American" of the holidays are the July 4th - Independence Day - and Thanksgiving. Independence Day is like a big, nationwide birthday party. It is a party that takes peace in neighborhoods, on beaches or in parks throughout the country. Some towns and cities have parades with bands and flags. The nation's birthday is also nation's gratest annual summer party. Every fourth Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in whole the U.S.A. in order to cemmemorate the arrival of a small group of new colonists to Plymouth in America. It's a day of the year when whole the family gets together.Traditional foods are prepared for the feast - turkey or ham, cranberry sauce and corn dishes, breads and rolls and pumpkin pie.
Other holidays are: Martin Luther's King Birthday, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day etc.
Britain
The British are often said to be conservative. And included their stick to their old traditions and habits. They have the same holidays like other countries. But two customs are special
only for Britain - mania for drinking tea and talking about the wather.
The English talk about weather very much. Greeting people with expression such as:"Lovely day, isn't it?" is their way of being friendly or starting converstaion.
They also like to go to the counrtyside and have a rest, tea and picknic there.
They also celebrate birthday of Her Majesty Queen.
CR
- Christmas
- Easter
- 1st May
- Mother's Day
- 8th May - end of Wrold War II
- 28th October - establishing Czech independence
b) At the hotel, confirmation of reservation
only for Britain - mania for drinking tea and talking about the wather.
The English talk about weather very much. Greeting people with expression such as:"Lovely day, isn't it?" is their way of being friendly or starting converstaion.
They also like to go to the counrtyside and have a rest, tea and picknic there.
They also celebrate birthday of Her Majesty Queen.
CR
- Christmas
- Easter
- 1st May
- Mother's Day
- 8th May - end of Wrold War II
- 28th October - establishing Czech independence
b) At the hotel, confirmation of reservation
21. Customs and Traditions
I want to start my paper with the greatest and the best
holiday of all, with the Christmas.
Firstly the definiton from an encyclopedia: Christmas is the Christian holiday to the memory of birth of Jesus Christ on December 25th, which was established in 4th century.
Now I will decribe Christmas holiday in the U.S.A. but in the Great Britain it is almost the same. British give the presents to each other on the December 25th in the morning before the breakfast. At noon they have a traditional Christmas dinner - turkey and pudding.
So now about Americans and Christmas holiday. For some Americans Christmas is a religious holiday honoring the birth of Jesus Christ, for others it is a time of Santa Claus and the giving and receiving of gifts. And some Americans do not celebrate Christmas at all for personal, cultural or religious reasons.
Christmas season includes also New Year's Day on January 1st, ends on January 6th, the day of the Epiphany when three wise men presented their gifts to the baby Jesus.
The Christmas shopping season begins very soon, in the U.S.A. it is on Friday after Thanksgiving. On this day shoppers begin th elong process of buying gifts for family members and dear friends.
The traditional Christmas dinner, that is served on Christmas day, can include roast turkey with a chesnut dressing, cranberries, mashed potatoes, gravy and assorted vegetables. For
dessert one can eat plum pudding or pumpkin pie. A traditional Christmas drink is eggnog - a blend of cream, egg, milk and nutmig - with a shot of brandy, rum or whiskey.
Songs and music of the Christmas season fill the air. Probably the most popular religious Christmas song is "Silent Night".
Many people at Christmas time send postcards wishing holiday greetings to family and friends. Some of the cards have pictures of Santa Claus bearing gifts, or winter seenes, and of the Holy Family. Christmas wishes are universal and can be used by friends of all nations. Christmas trees are an important part of the season in America. Freshly-cut Christmas trees are usually pines or firs. A family travels to the woods and then searches for their tree. The tree is cut and brought home for decorations. Colorful lights, bright ornaments and candy canes decorate trees. American also decorate the outside of their houses.
Christmas traditions depend on nationalities living in the area. A more common Christmas tradition in the United States is the hanging of the misletoe. A spring of misletoe is hung in doorway or on a light fixture. If a young girl or woman stands beneath the misletoe she can be bissed.
holiday of all, with the Christmas.
Firstly the definiton from an encyclopedia: Christmas is the Christian holiday to the memory of birth of Jesus Christ on December 25th, which was established in 4th century.
Now I will decribe Christmas holiday in the U.S.A. but in the Great Britain it is almost the same. British give the presents to each other on the December 25th in the morning before the breakfast. At noon they have a traditional Christmas dinner - turkey and pudding.
So now about Americans and Christmas holiday. For some Americans Christmas is a religious holiday honoring the birth of Jesus Christ, for others it is a time of Santa Claus and the giving and receiving of gifts. And some Americans do not celebrate Christmas at all for personal, cultural or religious reasons.
Christmas season includes also New Year's Day on January 1st, ends on January 6th, the day of the Epiphany when three wise men presented their gifts to the baby Jesus.
The Christmas shopping season begins very soon, in the U.S.A. it is on Friday after Thanksgiving. On this day shoppers begin th elong process of buying gifts for family members and dear friends.
The traditional Christmas dinner, that is served on Christmas day, can include roast turkey with a chesnut dressing, cranberries, mashed potatoes, gravy and assorted vegetables. For
dessert one can eat plum pudding or pumpkin pie. A traditional Christmas drink is eggnog - a blend of cream, egg, milk and nutmig - with a shot of brandy, rum or whiskey.
Songs and music of the Christmas season fill the air. Probably the most popular religious Christmas song is "Silent Night".
Many people at Christmas time send postcards wishing holiday greetings to family and friends. Some of the cards have pictures of Santa Claus bearing gifts, or winter seenes, and of the Holy Family. Christmas wishes are universal and can be used by friends of all nations. Christmas trees are an important part of the season in America. Freshly-cut Christmas trees are usually pines or firs. A family travels to the woods and then searches for their tree. The tree is cut and brought home for decorations. Colorful lights, bright ornaments and candy canes decorate trees. American also decorate the outside of their houses.
Christmas traditions depend on nationalities living in the area. A more common Christmas tradition in the United States is the hanging of the misletoe. A spring of misletoe is hung in doorway or on a light fixture. If a young girl or woman stands beneath the misletoe she can be bissed.
John Stainbeck
experienced in person of the life of poor workers, especially of agricultural labourers. His best works - Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, Travels with Charley. In the last two works a second line in his work - romantic stories of
inrresponsible happy poor people - appears.
William Faulkner
himself a Southerner, wrote cycles of novels dealing with the deepest problems of the South and of its racial tensions. The perversities and cruelties of his novels are partly symbolic.
some of his novels - The Wild Palms, The Reivers, Roses for Emily.
Ernest Hemingway
He is the best known American writer, who wrote about World War I. He was born in 1898 and did an suicide in 1961. He received the Nobel Prize in 1954. He was born in Illinois, lived in the U.S.A., Paris and Cuba. He made nuber of hunting trips to Africa and travelled all his life long. Being a newspaper reporter he was deeply interested in public events. He took an active part in World War I and in the Spanish Civil War, during which he stayed in Spain and reported on it. He also belonged to a group of American intelectuals known as 'The Lost Generation'. Being verbally gifted he developed a striking style, very simple and very emotional. his style of writing contributed to the international popularity and influence of his fiction. His most widely read books are A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Sea, The Sun also Rises ...
b) Advertising I.
inrresponsible happy poor people - appears.
William Faulkner
himself a Southerner, wrote cycles of novels dealing with the deepest problems of the South and of its racial tensions. The perversities and cruelties of his novels are partly symbolic.
some of his novels - The Wild Palms, The Reivers, Roses for Emily.
Ernest Hemingway
He is the best known American writer, who wrote about World War I. He was born in 1898 and did an suicide in 1961. He received the Nobel Prize in 1954. He was born in Illinois, lived in the U.S.A., Paris and Cuba. He made nuber of hunting trips to Africa and travelled all his life long. Being a newspaper reporter he was deeply interested in public events. He took an active part in World War I and in the Spanish Civil War, during which he stayed in Spain and reported on it. He also belonged to a group of American intelectuals known as 'The Lost Generation'. Being verbally gifted he developed a striking style, very simple and very emotional. his style of writing contributed to the international popularity and influence of his fiction. His most widely read books are A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Sea, The Sun also Rises ...
b) Advertising I.
Francis Scott Fitzgerald
he loved the wild life of the rich youth and at the same time, rebelled against the American dream of success. His short stories were highly fashionable and made him lots of money (Tales of the Jazz Age, All the Sad Young Man, etc.). During the economic depression of the 30's his success came to a sudden end together with the Jazz Age.
In this time appeared the first works of a new wave of critical realism represented by Sinclair Lewis, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos and the naturalist Eugene O'Neill.
Sinclair Lawis
was a successful novelist with liberal ideas. He was one of the best analysts of the middle calss in the US. His novels - Main Street, Babbitt, Arrowsmith, etc. He was the first american to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.
John Dos Passos
belonged also to the Lost generation and sympathizet with left wing movement in 30's. In his trilogy U.S.A. (The 42nd paralell, 1919, The Big Money) he used the style of the 'camera eye' to put together isolated persons and events.
Eugene O'Neill
was sailor, then actor and the greatest american dramatist. He is the only American dramatist to be awared the Nobel Prize. His dramas - Agatha Christie, Desire under the Elms, Mouring becomes Electra, etc.
The 30's were most progressive in prose as a result of the Black Friday and the rise of Fascism in Europe. The new critisism in the social field represented by John Steinbeck, the struggle against Fascism by Ernest Hemingway, and the deeply felt radical problem of the U.S.A. by William Faulkner.
In this time appeared the first works of a new wave of critical realism represented by Sinclair Lewis, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos and the naturalist Eugene O'Neill.
Sinclair Lawis
was a successful novelist with liberal ideas. He was one of the best analysts of the middle calss in the US. His novels - Main Street, Babbitt, Arrowsmith, etc. He was the first american to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.
John Dos Passos
belonged also to the Lost generation and sympathizet with left wing movement in 30's. In his trilogy U.S.A. (The 42nd paralell, 1919, The Big Money) he used the style of the 'camera eye' to put together isolated persons and events.
Eugene O'Neill
was sailor, then actor and the greatest american dramatist. He is the only American dramatist to be awared the Nobel Prize. His dramas - Agatha Christie, Desire under the Elms, Mouring becomes Electra, etc.
The 30's were most progressive in prose as a result of the Black Friday and the rise of Fascism in Europe. The new critisism in the social field represented by John Steinbeck, the struggle against Fascism by Ernest Hemingway, and the deeply felt radical problem of the U.S.A. by William Faulkner.
19. American literature
First american writters who become well famous were Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. They were representatives of American romanticism.
Edgar Allan Poe
He was born in Boston. He got married his cousin Virginia. He wrote a detective story fiction, poet and literary critic. His parents were travelling actors and they died before he was two. He studied at the University of Virginia. He had problem with alcohol. Poem – The Raven, The Black Cat, The Gold Bug.
Mark Twain
is one of the greatest. He became famous as a humorist and story teller. His novel The Gilded Age gave the name to the whole period after the Civil war. This book is a bitter satire on one period of the get-rich -quick years in the second half of the 19th century. His best books are based on his own experiences along the Mississippi - The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These books describe the adventures of boyhood. Huck is portrait of a frontier boy.
THE LOST GENERATION AND ERNEST HEMINGWAY
The twenties in American literature were characterized by an econemic boom after World War I and by the Jazz Age, the wild marry life of the young, and their desillusionment and pessismism; the Lost generation, best expressed by the prose writer.
Edgar Allan Poe
He was born in Boston. He got married his cousin Virginia. He wrote a detective story fiction, poet and literary critic. His parents were travelling actors and they died before he was two. He studied at the University of Virginia. He had problem with alcohol. Poem – The Raven, The Black Cat, The Gold Bug.
Mark Twain
is one of the greatest. He became famous as a humorist and story teller. His novel The Gilded Age gave the name to the whole period after the Civil war. This book is a bitter satire on one period of the get-rich -quick years in the second half of the 19th century. His best books are based on his own experiences along the Mississippi - The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These books describe the adventures of boyhood. Huck is portrait of a frontier boy.
THE LOST GENERATION AND ERNEST HEMINGWAY
The twenties in American literature were characterized by an econemic boom after World War I and by the Jazz Age, the wild marry life of the young, and their desillusionment and pessismism; the Lost generation, best expressed by the prose writer.
Angry young men
They appear at the beginning of the fifties. The were angry with the society, they were against the feat that people with food origin had more opportunities to become successful.
Heroes of their works have characteristic marks of their authores – they stop being angry when they get a position in the society.
Kinsley Amis (1922 – 96)
Lucky Jim – university novel
John Brain (1922 – 80)
Room at the Top
Life at the Top
John Waine
Hurry on Down
John Osborne
- dramatist
Look back in Anger
b) Travelling on bussines
Heroes of their works have characteristic marks of their authores – they stop being angry when they get a position in the society.
Kinsley Amis (1922 – 96)
Lucky Jim – university novel
John Brain (1922 – 80)
Room at the Top
Life at the Top
John Waine
Hurry on Down
John Osborne
- dramatist
Look back in Anger
b) Travelling on bussines
Charles Dickens (1812 – 1870)
He lived under the reign of Victoria. He described (popisuje) truly the life of poor people in England in the 19th century. He combines comic and serious (vážné) situations and accuses (obviňuje) both the aristocracy and the middle class of acting heartlessly (chování bez srdce) towards the common people. He himself suffered (trpěl) in his childhood and his bitter (hořká) experience can be found in his works. Among his major novesl belong: Little Dorrit, David Copperfield, the Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist…..
Oscar Wilde (1856 – 1900)
The best of his plays is The Importance of Being Earnest. He wrote also tales, the best of them is The happy Prince. He wrote also novels – f.e. The Picture of Dorian Gray.
The 20th century
George Orwel
He was born in India. He got a very good education. His famos novels are Animal Farm – it ispolitical atire of the revolution in Russia in 1917 in a Soviet Union. This work in agains absolute power which was in Russia. The basic ideo that all animals are equel (rovna) is in the end changed, but some animals are more equel than the others.
Oscar Wilde (1856 – 1900)
The best of his plays is The Importance of Being Earnest. He wrote also tales, the best of them is The happy Prince. He wrote also novels – f.e. The Picture of Dorian Gray.
The 20th century
George Orwel
He was born in India. He got a very good education. His famos novels are Animal Farm – it ispolitical atire of the revolution in Russia in 1917 in a Soviet Union. This work in agains absolute power which was in Russia. The basic ideo that all animals are equel (rovna) is in the end changed, but some animals are more equel than the others.
18. English literature
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 – 1400)
He was the first outstanding british writter. His masterprace are Canterbury Tales. This book was inspirate by the Boccacio´s Decameron. Canterbury Tales – it is a portrait of 30 pilgrims whe traveled to Canterbury and tell their stories. There are representative o f nearly or social classes. There is a knight and good wife of Bath, a pardover (odputkář), a nun, a monk (mnich), a lawyer…Chaucer hade wide experience of life, he was a polite, a diplomat, a solder, a scholar. He was the first poet, he was buried in Poet´s Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Daniel Defoe (160? – 1731)
He was a founders (zakladatel) of novel. His famous work is Robinson Crusoe. Robinson shipwrecked (ztroskotal) on a lonely island….
Romanticism
Sir Walter Scott (1771 – 1823)
He is founder of historical novel. Ivanhoe is from the period of Richard I. The Lionhearted.It was inspirated of Scottish history.
Gorge Gordon Byron – Child Herold´s Pilgrimage
Critical Realism
Among the best authors of this period belong:
Emily Bronte – Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Bronte – Jane Eyre
He was the first outstanding british writter. His masterprace are Canterbury Tales. This book was inspirate by the Boccacio´s Decameron. Canterbury Tales – it is a portrait of 30 pilgrims whe traveled to Canterbury and tell their stories. There are representative o f nearly or social classes. There is a knight and good wife of Bath, a pardover (odputkář), a nun, a monk (mnich), a lawyer…Chaucer hade wide experience of life, he was a polite, a diplomat, a solder, a scholar. He was the first poet, he was buried in Poet´s Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Daniel Defoe (160? – 1731)
He was a founders (zakladatel) of novel. His famous work is Robinson Crusoe. Robinson shipwrecked (ztroskotal) on a lonely island….
Romanticism
Sir Walter Scott (1771 – 1823)
He is founder of historical novel. Ivanhoe is from the period of Richard I. The Lionhearted.It was inspirated of Scottish history.
Gorge Gordon Byron – Child Herold´s Pilgrimage
Critical Realism
Among the best authors of this period belong:
Emily Bronte – Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Bronte – Jane Eyre
Complaints
complain about some goods, complaint (stížnost), to claim for a refund (žádat o vrácení peněz), guarantee (záruka), sth. is still under warranty (je stále v záruce), seal (plomba), return the goods, warranty repair, spare parts (náhradní díly), repair shop (opravna),
money: pay cash (platit hotově), credit card, change (drobné, rozměnit), leasing, loan (půjčka),
goods:
food: fresh foodstuff (potravina), fresh vegetable, fruit, today's pastry (pečivo), bread (stale (okoralý) bread), date of consumption (best before:), mouldy (plesnivý) food, durable (trvanlivý) food, biscuits, preserves (konzervy), stewed fruit (kompot), healthy nourishment (výživa), meat, ham, cheese, eggs, flour, sugar, butter, bread, rolls, milk, yoghurt, water (Good water or lemonade), sweets, crackers, ready made meals - pizza, soups,
clothes: different styles, cuts, designs, trends, wide choice, materials, colours, try on sth. for size, go into cabin, summer x winter sale,
expensive things: follow shop assistant's advice, instruction for use, sth. durable, sth. saving the money and the time - dishwasher, mixer, oven (trouba), microwave oven, the Teflon dishes, toaster, new car, house, garden - mowing machine, tools (nářadí),
b) Services provided by the post-office
money: pay cash (platit hotově), credit card, change (drobné, rozměnit), leasing, loan (půjčka),
goods:
food: fresh foodstuff (potravina), fresh vegetable, fruit, today's pastry (pečivo), bread (stale (okoralý) bread), date of consumption (best before:), mouldy (plesnivý) food, durable (trvanlivý) food, biscuits, preserves (konzervy), stewed fruit (kompot), healthy nourishment (výživa), meat, ham, cheese, eggs, flour, sugar, butter, bread, rolls, milk, yoghurt, water (Good water or lemonade), sweets, crackers, ready made meals - pizza, soups,
clothes: different styles, cuts, designs, trends, wide choice, materials, colours, try on sth. for size, go into cabin, summer x winter sale,
expensive things: follow shop assistant's advice, instruction for use, sth. durable, sth. saving the money and the time - dishwasher, mixer, oven (trouba), microwave oven, the Teflon dishes, toaster, new car, house, garden - mowing machine, tools (nářadí),
b) Services provided by the post-office
16. Shopping
shops: butcher's (řeznictví), chemist's (drogerie, lékárna), stationery (papírnictví), ironmonger's (železářství), bookshop = bookseller's, bookstall (novin. a knih. stánek), grocer's (potraviny), grocery (smíš. zboží), greengrocer's (zelenina), bakery, jeweller's (klenoty), clothes shop, shoes shop, confectionery = sweetshop, delicatessen shop (lahůdky), fishmonger's (obch. s rybami), dairy (mlékárna), haberdasher's (galanterie), florist's, a watchmaker's, second hand, furniture shop, toyshop, ceramics shop, record shop, specialised shop,
- bargain, make purchase, sale, sales, stall (stánek), supermarket, stocktaking (inventura), shopping spree (utrácení ve velkém), different (lower) prices - competition, be under the spell of advertisements (reklamy), sales gimmick (reklamní trik), chase around the shops, cut prices, reduction in price, cheaper ready-to-cook soups, family budget (rodninný rozpočet), robbing (okrádání) in shops, recount the cash, purse (peněženka), saving the money - economy jar (family packing) (rodinné balení), luxury, shelf (regál), choice, shopping list, deep-freeze locker (mrazící pult), shopping trolley (nákupní vozík), basket, shop assistant, counter (pokladna), return empty bottles, coffee grinder (mlýnek na kávu)
- differences between shopping in supermarkets (self service shops) and shopping in smaller (specialised) shops - choice, contact with people, ...
- Christmas gifts for men, women, children, old people - after-shave, safety razor, soap, shampoo, shower gel, shaving gel, make up, hair colour, perfume, scent, cosmetics, skin lotion (pleť. voda), neckline, slippers (trepky), wear, creative toy, clothes, books, shoes, family games, puzzles,
- bargain, make purchase, sale, sales, stall (stánek), supermarket, stocktaking (inventura), shopping spree (utrácení ve velkém), different (lower) prices - competition, be under the spell of advertisements (reklamy), sales gimmick (reklamní trik), chase around the shops, cut prices, reduction in price, cheaper ready-to-cook soups, family budget (rodninný rozpočet), robbing (okrádání) in shops, recount the cash, purse (peněženka), saving the money - economy jar (family packing) (rodinné balení), luxury, shelf (regál), choice, shopping list, deep-freeze locker (mrazící pult), shopping trolley (nákupní vozík), basket, shop assistant, counter (pokladna), return empty bottles, coffee grinder (mlýnek na kávu)
- differences between shopping in supermarkets (self service shops) and shopping in smaller (specialised) shops - choice, contact with people, ...
- Christmas gifts for men, women, children, old people - after-shave, safety razor, soap, shampoo, shower gel, shaving gel, make up, hair colour, perfume, scent, cosmetics, skin lotion (pleť. voda), neckline, slippers (trepky), wear, creative toy, clothes, books, shoes, family games, puzzles,
DRUGS IN SPORTS
Many kinds of drugs are used in sports all over the world. Some are used to build muscles or give extra energy. Others kill the pain of injuries or calm nerves, but many are illegal.
Anabolic steroids – are used to build up muscles, they resemble male hormones. Bodybuilders use anabolic steroids to look good in competitions. These drugs can cause health problems: liver cancer in men and infertility in women. You can become very aggressive.
Stimulants – make you feel full of energy and confidence, and you have the bigger stamina. It¢s amphetamines and cocaine, they are used by cyclists and basketballers and footballers. Problems: they don¢t create energy – they take it from your body. Users feel exhausted and washed-out. There is a danger of having a heart attack (collapse).
Beta-blockers – are drugs, which are normally prescribed by doctors for people with high blood pressure or heart problems. They help calm you down and relieve stress. Users: snooker players and archers – who need steady hands and cool nerves. Problems: with heart and blood pressure.
b) Thank-you letters
Anabolic steroids – are used to build up muscles, they resemble male hormones. Bodybuilders use anabolic steroids to look good in competitions. These drugs can cause health problems: liver cancer in men and infertility in women. You can become very aggressive.
Stimulants – make you feel full of energy and confidence, and you have the bigger stamina. It¢s amphetamines and cocaine, they are used by cyclists and basketballers and footballers. Problems: they don¢t create energy – they take it from your body. Users feel exhausted and washed-out. There is a danger of having a heart attack (collapse).
Beta-blockers – are drugs, which are normally prescribed by doctors for people with high blood pressure or heart problems. They help calm you down and relieve stress. Users: snooker players and archers – who need steady hands and cool nerves. Problems: with heart and blood pressure.
b) Thank-you letters
IN OUR COUNTRY
has it¢s traditions mostly football. We can find football stadium in almost all town or village. Another favourite sport in our country is ice-hockey. Now we have the best national ice-hockey team in the world, because we have won the gold medal in Olympic Games in Nagano.
The Olympic Games are the most important and the most famous – they are held every 4 years, they have their summer and winter parts which change once every 2 years. The first recorded O.G. took place in Olympia in Greece in the year 776 BC. There exist many legend about the origin of the games. They were so important to Greeks, that even the wars were stopped during they took place.
The last winter O. G. took place in Japan in Nagano, it was in February 1998. Czech Republic won one gold medal in ice-hockey cup. Kateřina Neumannová received one silver and one bronze medal (skiing).
My experience with sports:
When I was much younger, I learned swimming, cycling, skating, ...etc. When I was six I started to play table-tennis with my uncle, who learn this sport for many years now. In this time I also started to practice athletics. I kept practising it for about 5 or 6 years and I often go to some competitions. Later I became interested in various ball games. In summer I use to play volleyball with my friends and in winter I often skate when the lake is frozen over. Now I visited for few years (2 or 3)hours of aerobic and sometimes I go jogging in the evening.
I like to watch some sports on TV – e.g. ice-hockey matches, figure skating or athletics competitions.
At school we have our Physical Education lessons (three or two lessons a week). When the weather is good, we use to go out to the stadium, where we usually practice athletics. During the winter we usually go to a gym, where we practise gymnastic or we play basketball or volleyball.
The Olympic Games are the most important and the most famous – they are held every 4 years, they have their summer and winter parts which change once every 2 years. The first recorded O.G. took place in Olympia in Greece in the year 776 BC. There exist many legend about the origin of the games. They were so important to Greeks, that even the wars were stopped during they took place.
The last winter O. G. took place in Japan in Nagano, it was in February 1998. Czech Republic won one gold medal in ice-hockey cup. Kateřina Neumannová received one silver and one bronze medal (skiing).
My experience with sports:
When I was much younger, I learned swimming, cycling, skating, ...etc. When I was six I started to play table-tennis with my uncle, who learn this sport for many years now. In this time I also started to practice athletics. I kept practising it for about 5 or 6 years and I often go to some competitions. Later I became interested in various ball games. In summer I use to play volleyball with my friends and in winter I often skate when the lake is frozen over. Now I visited for few years (2 or 3)hours of aerobic and sometimes I go jogging in the evening.
I like to watch some sports on TV – e.g. ice-hockey matches, figure skating or athletics competitions.
At school we have our Physical Education lessons (three or two lessons a week). When the weather is good, we use to go out to the stadium, where we usually practice athletics. During the winter we usually go to a gym, where we practise gymnastic or we play basketball or volleyball.
Winter sports
All sports connected with snow. Skiing, sledge, bobsleigh, biathlon, skating, snowboarding, speed skating, ice-hockey, competitive figure skating (single skating, pairs or ice-dancing).
People all around the world are interested in sports. Ball games are very popular everywhere.
U.S.: Basket ball is one of the most popular sport in USA. The very best players of this sport are blackmen and we can find here many basketball clubs in USA (NBA, Chicago Bulls, L. A. Lakers,...). Million of people like to attend matches, watch them on TV or listen to them on radio and cross their fingers for their favourite team. Another popular game in USA is ice-hockey. There exist NHL (National hockey league)which consist of many ice hockey clubs such as Pittsburgh Pinguins, ... In NHL we can find many Czech players, because they are very good paid here. Some of them are very popular – Jaromír Jágr, Dominik Hašek. According to my opinion money play a big role in this sport. If a club has enough money, it has the best players and it always wins.
GB: Many sports have their origins in GB, that why Britain is sometimes called the cradle of sports. Two types of rugby, modern game of hockey, cricket, darts, tennis and boxing were invented there. The very national sports in GB is cricket, golf, soccer or lawn tennis. We can find some major sports in Britain: Wimbledon (the Grand Slam Tennis Tournament), The British Open Golf Championship, The Grand National (it is the best known horse-race).
People all around the world are interested in sports. Ball games are very popular everywhere.
U.S.: Basket ball is one of the most popular sport in USA. The very best players of this sport are blackmen and we can find here many basketball clubs in USA (NBA, Chicago Bulls, L. A. Lakers,...). Million of people like to attend matches, watch them on TV or listen to them on radio and cross their fingers for their favourite team. Another popular game in USA is ice-hockey. There exist NHL (National hockey league)which consist of many ice hockey clubs such as Pittsburgh Pinguins, ... In NHL we can find many Czech players, because they are very good paid here. Some of them are very popular – Jaromír Jágr, Dominik Hašek. According to my opinion money play a big role in this sport. If a club has enough money, it has the best players and it always wins.
GB: Many sports have their origins in GB, that why Britain is sometimes called the cradle of sports. Two types of rugby, modern game of hockey, cricket, darts, tennis and boxing were invented there. The very national sports in GB is cricket, golf, soccer or lawn tennis. We can find some major sports in Britain: Wimbledon (the Grand Slam Tennis Tournament), The British Open Golf Championship, The Grand National (it is the best known horse-race).
15. Sport and games
Sports are very good for active relaxation and are important for our physical and mental health or just for keeping fit. There are lots of types of sports and games. We can practise outdoor or indoor sports, in water or anywhere we want.
Outdoor sports are follow: golf, skiing (cross-country, down-hill, slalom, ski-jump), climbing, marathon-running, hiking, tourism, mountaineering, horse riding, rallies etc.
Indoor sports include: table-tennis, gymnastic, chess ...
There are also some sports which could be played both indoor or outdoor such as: tennis, ball games (basketball, volleyball), ice-hockey etc.
Water sports are: swimming, water-skiing, diving (mask, flippers, bodyglove – wet suit), water polo, yachting, canoeing or rowing .
We can also divided sports according to the season they are practised:
Summer sports: swimming, ball games (football, cricket, golf, ...), athletics (sprint, high jump, long jump, javelin throw, ball throw etc.).
Some sports can also be practised in summer or in winter: athletics.
E.g.: Winter – in summer rest and preparing time for its season.
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
Outdoor sports are follow: golf, skiing (cross-country, down-hill, slalom, ski-jump), climbing, marathon-running, hiking, tourism, mountaineering, horse riding, rallies etc.
Indoor sports include: table-tennis, gymnastic, chess ...
There are also some sports which could be played both indoor or outdoor such as: tennis, ball games (basketball, volleyball), ice-hockey etc.
Water sports are: swimming, water-skiing, diving (mask, flippers, bodyglove – wet suit), water polo, yachting, canoeing or rowing .
We can also divided sports according to the season they are practised:
Summer sports: swimming, ball games (football, cricket, golf, ...), athletics (sprint, high jump, long jump, javelin throw, ball throw etc.).
Some sports can also be practised in summer or in winter: athletics.
E.g.: Winter – in summer rest and preparing time for its season.
Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně
14. Travelling, Tourism
In big cities underground with several different tracks have been built in order to relieve the trams and busses. They are the fastest means of urban transportation and the underground train usually go every five minutes on average. Many workers and pupils depend on this kind of transport.When travelling on vacation we should look for accommodation appropriate to our demands. In the first place there are hotels and motels which differ in price and comfort. The motels are situated mostly by the roads. The guest can park his car at hte door of his own room. A special kind of accommodation for young people are youth hostels (mainly in Great Britain). Some tourist prefer to stay at a farm or they rent a room on their own.
b) Travel arrangements
Valid passport,visa (on embassy), tickets for the transport – railway station , airport, travel agency,spacial ensurance,change money,some accommodation – hotel hostel camp,boarding house,vactination – against cholera,malaria,hepatitis,yellow fever – certificate.
You have to buy ticket,you must have a timetable,seat reservation(místenka).
Means of transport,describe a runway station…
b) Travel arrangements
Valid passport,visa (on embassy), tickets for the transport – railway station , airport, travel agency,spacial ensurance,change money,some accommodation – hotel hostel camp,boarding house,vactination – against cholera,malaria,hepatitis,yellow fever – certificate.
You have to buy ticket,you must have a timetable,seat reservation(místenka).
Means of transport,describe a runway station…
14. Travelling, Tourism
Cars and motorbikes are expensive to purchase and in addition one also has to pay for petrol, which if the vehicle has a big consumption, cost a lot of money as well. For short and middle distances a car is fast enough so as not to get too tired by travelling, unless we get to traffic jam. The best thing about cars is that they you almost anywhere at any time. Modern cars with soft seats and a lot of space for the legs are sometimes even more comfortable then the interior of plane. To get a driver's licence one must know how to drive and know the traffic rules well. One of the rules says that cars are to be driven on the right side of the road. This isn't true a Great Britain and the USA, there people drive on the left. The most frequent public means of transport are busses and trains. The network of bus and train stops covers most inhabited places. Public transport is cheaper, but also less comfortable. The bus and train stops in major cities are called stations. An ordinary railway station looks like this: a big hall with a ticket office where one can buy single or return ticket and a seat reservation, telephones, waiting halls and so on. From the platform we get on the train and look for a free seat. If all seats are occupied we must move into another carriage and try again there. When we are seated and the train starts, we can spend the time talking with fellow passenger, eat some food or play cards. When the conductor come we hand him a ticket and he checks them.
14. Travelling, Tourism
I think, many people like travelling. Travelling takes up more time in our lives. An everyday form of travelling may be going shopping, commuting to school or visiting friends. There are two ways of travelling: one is using our own means of transport and the other is to rely on the public transportation services. People and goods can be transported by land, air or by water.The main fact that speaks for water transport are the relatively small costs. That is why rivers, seas and oceans are continuously being filled with new cargo and passengers. In general not many people have the courage to board a ship because although trip is inexpensive they can still become sea-sick.Unlike sea travel, air transport is one of most expensive kind of travelling. An air ticket ensures us a comfortable seat on the play which can fly us to any place in the world within a few hours. The air transportation system is the one most strictly depend on the timetable. At the airport we go through the passport control and security check, have our luggage checked and then wait until the plane is ready for take-off. For private use helicopters are usually bought.Land offers the greatest variety of means of transport. There are motor road vehicles and bicycles on the one hand and rail on the other. As personal vehicles, motorcycles and cars are the most popular. There are also other means of transport on four wheels - busses and trolleybuses. Of rail vehicles, which are almost exclusively designed for public use, we could mention trains, trams and the underground.
13. The place where I live, daily programme
What is your flat like? Descibe your room…envirous(okolí)
Do you like the place where you live?
Residential area – vilová čtvrť
Tarrace house – řadový dům
Block of flats – činžák
Prefab – panelák
Daily programme
Ráno vstanu a opařím se čajem…J
b) In-company communications, electronic correspondence
Do you like the place where you live?
Residential area – vilová čtvrť
Tarrace house – řadový dům
Block of flats – činžák
Prefab – panelák
Daily programme
Ráno vstanu a opařím se čajem…J
b) In-company communications, electronic correspondence
New York
Park, Islands
The only quiet place where however it is dangerous to go after dark is Central Park where also famous rock concerts take place. There are many attractive places where visitors like to go - the most worldknown is the Brooklyn Bridge. There is statue of Liberty - it is symbol of hope and freedom.
Economy
New York is an important industrial city and business centre (machinery, electronics, chemistry, food, textiles, fish market on Manhattan). It is also the biggest port in the USA. There are 4 airports, 15 TV stations, 39 radio stations, over 100 hospitals, 29 universities, many cultural institutons, galleries. New York has the largest subway system in the world
Sydney
Sydney is importatn commercial, industrial and tourist centre on the south-east coast of Australia. It is Australia´s largest city with a population of more than three million.
The city has many famous sights. The harbour is one of the largest an most beautiful in the world and Sydney Harbour Bridge – or „The Coathanger“ as the inhabitants of Sydney fall it – gas been a great tourist attraction for many years. However, the most famous sight there nowadays is the Opera House. Some popople think that it is one of the most beautiful modern building in the world.
Sydney is very modern city, but it also has many places of historical interest. In the areas calld The Rocks and Paddington, for example, you can still see some of the first houses that were ever built here.
For entertainment, there is a lot to do here. The city has many different kinds of restaurants, theatres, cinemas and night-clubs. There is also a zoo and a Koala Bear Park. Some of the best beaches in Australia are here, too. Surfing is the most popular sport in Sydney. In fact, there are so many surfers in the city that you have to register surf boards here just like you have to register motor cars!
b) Letters of application
The only quiet place where however it is dangerous to go after dark is Central Park where also famous rock concerts take place. There are many attractive places where visitors like to go - the most worldknown is the Brooklyn Bridge. There is statue of Liberty - it is symbol of hope and freedom.
Economy
New York is an important industrial city and business centre (machinery, electronics, chemistry, food, textiles, fish market on Manhattan). It is also the biggest port in the USA. There are 4 airports, 15 TV stations, 39 radio stations, over 100 hospitals, 29 universities, many cultural institutons, galleries. New York has the largest subway system in the world
Sydney
Sydney is importatn commercial, industrial and tourist centre on the south-east coast of Australia. It is Australia´s largest city with a population of more than three million.
The city has many famous sights. The harbour is one of the largest an most beautiful in the world and Sydney Harbour Bridge – or „The Coathanger“ as the inhabitants of Sydney fall it – gas been a great tourist attraction for many years. However, the most famous sight there nowadays is the Opera House. Some popople think that it is one of the most beautiful modern building in the world.
Sydney is very modern city, but it also has many places of historical interest. In the areas calld The Rocks and Paddington, for example, you can still see some of the first houses that were ever built here.
For entertainment, there is a lot to do here. The city has many different kinds of restaurants, theatres, cinemas and night-clubs. There is also a zoo and a Koala Bear Park. Some of the best beaches in Australia are here, too. Surfing is the most popular sport in Sydney. In fact, there are so many surfers in the city that you have to register surf boards here just like you have to register motor cars!
b) Letters of application
12. Capitals and other important cities in English speaking countries
London
London is the capital city of the United kingdom. It's one of largest cities of the world. It has about 10 million inhabitants and it's situated on the river Thames in south-east England. Town was founded as a Roman settlement. The great fire in 1666 destroyed almost all the city. At present it is modern city with all-in, what civilization's rise brings.In London we find many historical buildings. I will speak only about most famous. The Houses of Parliament are in gothic style, but were built only between 1840-1852 after the old building burnt down. The only part which escaped the fire was Westminster Hall. There is also a famous clock-tower with Big Ben and it's characteristic bell-ringing. Downing Street is the official home of British Prime Ministers since 1731.Now there lives Tony Blair - leader of Labour Party. Westminster Abbey was founded in the 11th century. Britain's Kings and Queens are crowned here. England's greatest poets, artists and other famous people are buried here in the Poet's Corner. The Abbey was built in gothic style. It is place of royal weddings too. St. Paul's Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in the world. It stands in the City. It was designed by Christopher Wren and it was built in 17th century. During the World War II. cathedral was damaged by German's bombs. The city is the oldest part of London. It's situated around St. Paul cathedral . The city was founded by Romans in 43 AC. There are many banks (I think, the most important is Bank of England) and offices here. In the center is situated a lot of shops and shopping centers. The Tower was built in the 11th century. It served as royal palace first, then prison and fortress. There is museum now. The Crown Jewels guarded by Beefeaters in their traditional uniforms are kept here. Tower Bridge is one of most famous symbols of London. It was built only in last century. It can open in the middle an let large ships go through. Near Tower Bridge we find warship Admiral Nelson, which guarded London during World War II. Trafalgar square was named after Admiral's Nelson's victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's statue is situated on a high column. The square with it's fountains is a very popular place for various meetings and demonstrations. At Trafalgar square is situated National Gallery too. In this gallery we can see many famous pictures and sculptures from European's artist of the past. The British museum is the largest museum in the world. We can see collections of minerals and animals there. There are collections of Greek and Roman arts too. It's interesting, that we find there collection of drawing from our Vaclav Hollar, who lived in London a long time. Next famous square is Piccadilly circus - for its advertising lighting panels. Buckingham palace is the Queen's residence in London. Around palace is fine park. It is nice place for relaxation. One of the biggest London's parades is Changing the Guard here. The Post office Tower is the tallest building in Great Britain . It's nearly 190m high. Near London is situated Windsor - next Queen's residence. It is nice castle with beautiful park and neighbor. London has a lot of specialties, such as typical London's taxi or busses. I think, even we find in London a lot of nice historical buildings, it isn't so nice town. I visited London before 2 years and I took a view of Westminster Abbey, Tower and Windsor,…etc.
London is the capital city of the United kingdom. It's one of largest cities of the world. It has about 10 million inhabitants and it's situated on the river Thames in south-east England. Town was founded as a Roman settlement. The great fire in 1666 destroyed almost all the city. At present it is modern city with all-in, what civilization's rise brings.In London we find many historical buildings. I will speak only about most famous. The Houses of Parliament are in gothic style, but were built only between 1840-1852 after the old building burnt down. The only part which escaped the fire was Westminster Hall. There is also a famous clock-tower with Big Ben and it's characteristic bell-ringing. Downing Street is the official home of British Prime Ministers since 1731.Now there lives Tony Blair - leader of Labour Party. Westminster Abbey was founded in the 11th century. Britain's Kings and Queens are crowned here. England's greatest poets, artists and other famous people are buried here in the Poet's Corner. The Abbey was built in gothic style. It is place of royal weddings too. St. Paul's Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in the world. It stands in the City. It was designed by Christopher Wren and it was built in 17th century. During the World War II. cathedral was damaged by German's bombs. The city is the oldest part of London. It's situated around St. Paul cathedral . The city was founded by Romans in 43 AC. There are many banks (I think, the most important is Bank of England) and offices here. In the center is situated a lot of shops and shopping centers. The Tower was built in the 11th century. It served as royal palace first, then prison and fortress. There is museum now. The Crown Jewels guarded by Beefeaters in their traditional uniforms are kept here. Tower Bridge is one of most famous symbols of London. It was built only in last century. It can open in the middle an let large ships go through. Near Tower Bridge we find warship Admiral Nelson, which guarded London during World War II. Trafalgar square was named after Admiral's Nelson's victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's statue is situated on a high column. The square with it's fountains is a very popular place for various meetings and demonstrations. At Trafalgar square is situated National Gallery too. In this gallery we can see many famous pictures and sculptures from European's artist of the past. The British museum is the largest museum in the world. We can see collections of minerals and animals there. There are collections of Greek and Roman arts too. It's interesting, that we find there collection of drawing from our Vaclav Hollar, who lived in London a long time. Next famous square is Piccadilly circus - for its advertising lighting panels. Buckingham palace is the Queen's residence in London. Around palace is fine park. It is nice place for relaxation. One of the biggest London's parades is Changing the Guard here. The Post office Tower is the tallest building in Great Britain . It's nearly 190m high. Near London is situated Windsor - next Queen's residence. It is nice castle with beautiful park and neighbor. London has a lot of specialties, such as typical London's taxi or busses. I think, even we find in London a lot of nice historical buildings, it isn't so nice town. I visited London before 2 years and I took a view of Westminster Abbey, Tower and Windsor,…etc.
New York
New York is the biggest city in the USA. It has about 8 mi. people. It belongs to the largest in the world (after Sao Paulo, Soul, Mexico City, Tokyo). It is sometimes called "The Big Apple". It has five major parts: Manhattan, Queens, the Bronx, Staten Island and Brooklyn
History
The original inhabitants were Indian. This island was bought from the Indiands by the Dutch for good worth US$ 25. The original name was New Amsterdam. Later it was renamed New York. In southern part of Manhattan island there used to be a wall against Indians, now there is Wall Street - the centre of financial life.
Manhattan city plan
The city was built on a modern plan of streets and avenues which are numbered. Streets run east-west and avenues north-south. Brodway is the centre of cultural life. The city is notorious for its crime. Many pople believe New York is no longer a healthy place to live.
Skyscrapers
New York is famous for tis Manhattan skyline - a large number of skyscrapers on a small area. The first skyscrapers were built in 1903. The best known skyscrapers are Empire State Building and the World Trade Center (WTC) - the New York's highest skycraper built in 1973 is 417 m high.
History
The original inhabitants were Indian. This island was bought from the Indiands by the Dutch for good worth US$ 25. The original name was New Amsterdam. Later it was renamed New York. In southern part of Manhattan island there used to be a wall against Indians, now there is Wall Street - the centre of financial life.
Manhattan city plan
The city was built on a modern plan of streets and avenues which are numbered. Streets run east-west and avenues north-south. Brodway is the centre of cultural life. The city is notorious for its crime. Many pople believe New York is no longer a healthy place to live.
Skyscrapers
New York is famous for tis Manhattan skyline - a large number of skyscrapers on a small area. The first skyscrapers were built in 1903. The best known skyscrapers are Empire State Building and the World Trade Center (WTC) - the New York's highest skycraper built in 1973 is 417 m high.
11. Future plans, Jobs
What did you want to be when you were children?
Why did you deside to study Business academy?
What can you tell me about education?
What jobs can you take after you finish school?
How can you find a job?
What is a letter of application?
What are your plans in your privat life?
b) Curriculum Vitae
Why did you deside to study Business academy?
What can you tell me about education?
What jobs can you take after you finish school?
How can you find a job?
What is a letter of application?
What are your plans in your privat life?
b) Curriculum Vitae
Drinks
plain water (čistá voda), lemonade, coke, mineral water, teetotaller, appetizer (aperitiv), soft drink, dry wines, black coffee, strong tea, champagne, scotch and soda, cognac, vodka, rum, bottled (lahvové) and draught (točené) beer, instant x Turkish coffee, buttermilk (podmáslí)
Eating habits in GB: leisurely breakfast usually at 9 am, it is the main dish and it may have three courses - (glass of juice and a cereal (obilniny)(cornflakes with milk), fried or grilled bacon and eggs, sausages, spicy beans in tomato sauce or kippers, coffee or tea, buttered toast and marmalade (made from citrus fruits), elevenses - cup of coffee and biscuits, lunch - is usually light (like in the USA - hot dog or hamburger ... at McDonald's, at fast food rest. ...), teatime around 5 o'clock, dinner - served around 7 p.m. or later, it consist from soup (or other starter), then the main course (meat wit vegetables), dessert and finally cheese and biscuits, supper - if they stay up late at night they eat cold meat, vegetables, some milk, tea or coffee
b) Complaints
We write compains, when we are not satisfied with goods. Bad quality, quantity, delayed, demaged.
Eating habits in GB: leisurely breakfast usually at 9 am, it is the main dish and it may have three courses - (glass of juice and a cereal (obilniny)(cornflakes with milk), fried or grilled bacon and eggs, sausages, spicy beans in tomato sauce or kippers, coffee or tea, buttered toast and marmalade (made from citrus fruits), elevenses - cup of coffee and biscuits, lunch - is usually light (like in the USA - hot dog or hamburger ... at McDonald's, at fast food rest. ...), teatime around 5 o'clock, dinner - served around 7 p.m. or later, it consist from soup (or other starter), then the main course (meat wit vegetables), dessert and finally cheese and biscuits, supper - if they stay up late at night they eat cold meat, vegetables, some milk, tea or coffee
b) Complaints
We write compains, when we are not satisfied with goods. Bad quality, quantity, delayed, demaged.
Main dishes
steak, stewed steak (roštěná), cutlet, goulash, veal paprika (telecí na paprice), leg of lamb (kýta z jehněte), leg of venison (srnčí), beef (hovězí), Wiener schnitzel, a pork chop (vepřová kotleta), grilled chicken, fried carp, poultry (drůbež), stewed (dušené), sirloin (svíčková), turkey (krocan), goose, duck, rabbit, pigeon (holub), oyster (ústřice), snail (hlemýžď), octopus (chobotnice), shark (žralok), lobster (krab), shrimps (kreveta), game (vysoká), liver (játra), kidney (ledvinky), fish fingers, bacon (slanina), giblets (drůbky), porridge (ovesná kaše), scrambled eggs (míchaná vejce), pizza, spaghetti, risotto, salami, sausage (bílá klobása), kipper (uzenáč), frankfurter (párek), ham, lean (libové) x fat meat, hamburger,
enclosures (přílohy): French fries, stuffing (nádivka), dumplings, rice, potatoes, mashed potatoes (bramb. kaše), potato salad, stewed carrot, lentils (čočka), noodles, pasta (těstoviny), soya,
cabbage, peas, lettuce (hlávkový salát), celery, pineapple (ananas), parsley (petržel), chive (pažitka), cauliflower (květák), radish (ředkvička), dill (kopr), caraway seed (kmín), poppy seed (mák),, cucumber (salátová okurka), sauerkraut (kysané zelí), lemon, garlic (česnek), onion (cibule), salt, chilli, pepper, paprika, mustard (hořčice), ketchup, mayonnaise, Worcester, pickled gherkins (do octa naložené okurky), vinegar (ocet), dressing (zálivka), allspice (nové koření), raisin (hrozinky), jelly (rosol), cinnamon (skořice), bay (bobkový list, vavřín), cottage cheese (tvaroh)
desserts: chocolate cake, gingerbread (perník), sundae (zmrzlin. pohár), pancake (lívanec), cornflakes, vanilla ice, doughnut (kobliha), pudding,
enclosures (přílohy): French fries, stuffing (nádivka), dumplings, rice, potatoes, mashed potatoes (bramb. kaše), potato salad, stewed carrot, lentils (čočka), noodles, pasta (těstoviny), soya,
cabbage, peas, lettuce (hlávkový salát), celery, pineapple (ananas), parsley (petržel), chive (pažitka), cauliflower (květák), radish (ředkvička), dill (kopr), caraway seed (kmín), poppy seed (mák),, cucumber (salátová okurka), sauerkraut (kysané zelí), lemon, garlic (česnek), onion (cibule), salt, chilli, pepper, paprika, mustard (hořčice), ketchup, mayonnaise, Worcester, pickled gherkins (do octa naložené okurky), vinegar (ocet), dressing (zálivka), allspice (nové koření), raisin (hrozinky), jelly (rosol), cinnamon (skořice), bay (bobkový list, vavřín), cottage cheese (tvaroh)
desserts: chocolate cake, gingerbread (perník), sundae (zmrzlin. pohár), pancake (lívanec), cornflakes, vanilla ice, doughnut (kobliha), pudding,
10. Health and Food
Health
Medical care of any type in our country is free of charge, although there are now many private doctors. We do not pay for prescriptions or for some medicines. As to financial help after giving birth, mothers get benefits for three years after the birth of a child. For the first 26 weeks she gets 90 per cent of her pay and for the rest of her maternity leave she gets fewer benefits. Then comes medical and social care during the pre-school and school age, up to old age. Employers pay health insurance for their employees but everybody can pay extra money for his/her health insurance. If we fall ill or if we have an accident, we go to the Health Centre, Policlinic, Hospital or to some Private Doctor.
There are various types of medical treatment for our different types of troubles. A doctor may ask you to strip to the waist before he/she examines your chest and throat. They check our blood pressure, feel the pulse or put our blood or urine through lab-tests. Sometimes they may X-ray our lungs or bones. We must go through many types of vaccination during our lives. Dentists may check our teeth and sometimes pull out one of them or drill and fill them. Doctors usually prescribe some medicines to us - pills, antibiotics, gargles, or sleeping pills. They may also tell us to go on a diet. There are various types of physicians who treat various diseases and disorders. They are e.g., GP (general practitioners). Each person should undergo a regular check-up at least once a year. However we usually go to see our doctor when we do not feel well or have an elevated temperature.
We can suffer from various illnesses beginning with common childhood diseases. Usually we suffer from common infections such as colds, influenza, or the "stomach flu". In such cases we usually stay in bed, drink herbal teas, take pills, drops or vitamins and after a week or two we feel well again. However the situation may sometimes be more serious and need special treatment in the hospital, e.g. heart attack, breaking an arm or leg. There are still diseases which can't be cured such as cancer or AIDS. It is true that prevention is better than a cure. We should try to live a healthy way of life, which means we should have a good proportion of work to leisure time. We should practice sports, at least swim or go for walks, we should eat healthy food with lots of vitamins, we should not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
Medical care of any type in our country is free of charge, although there are now many private doctors. We do not pay for prescriptions or for some medicines. As to financial help after giving birth, mothers get benefits for three years after the birth of a child. For the first 26 weeks she gets 90 per cent of her pay and for the rest of her maternity leave she gets fewer benefits. Then comes medical and social care during the pre-school and school age, up to old age. Employers pay health insurance for their employees but everybody can pay extra money for his/her health insurance. If we fall ill or if we have an accident, we go to the Health Centre, Policlinic, Hospital or to some Private Doctor.
There are various types of medical treatment for our different types of troubles. A doctor may ask you to strip to the waist before he/she examines your chest and throat. They check our blood pressure, feel the pulse or put our blood or urine through lab-tests. Sometimes they may X-ray our lungs or bones. We must go through many types of vaccination during our lives. Dentists may check our teeth and sometimes pull out one of them or drill and fill them. Doctors usually prescribe some medicines to us - pills, antibiotics, gargles, or sleeping pills. They may also tell us to go on a diet. There are various types of physicians who treat various diseases and disorders. They are e.g., GP (general practitioners). Each person should undergo a regular check-up at least once a year. However we usually go to see our doctor when we do not feel well or have an elevated temperature.
We can suffer from various illnesses beginning with common childhood diseases. Usually we suffer from common infections such as colds, influenza, or the "stomach flu". In such cases we usually stay in bed, drink herbal teas, take pills, drops or vitamins and after a week or two we feel well again. However the situation may sometimes be more serious and need special treatment in the hospital, e.g. heart attack, breaking an arm or leg. There are still diseases which can't be cured such as cancer or AIDS. It is true that prevention is better than a cure. We should try to live a healthy way of life, which means we should have a good proportion of work to leisure time. We should practice sports, at least swim or go for walks, we should eat healthy food with lots of vitamins, we should not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
Food
cook, cooker (vařič), cookbook (kuchařka), recipe (recept), boil (vařit se), preserve (konzervovat, zavařenina), prepare a meal, ready-to-cook (polotovar), dish, foodstuff (potravina), fry, roast (péci maso), bake (péci něco sladkého), stew (dusit), grill, grate (rošt), smoke (udit), warm up (ohřát), stir (míchat), mix, knead (hnětat), rise (kynout), yeast (droždí), batter (šlehané těsto), dough (těsto), garnish (ozdobit), season (okořenit (solí, pepřem...)), grate on a grater (strouhat na struhadle), strain(er) (cedit(cedník)), mince(r) (sekat na drobno), whip (šlehat), beat flat (palička na maso), pour (zalít), peel (oloupat), chop (krájet), grease (namastit), powder, toothpick (párátko),
cup, saucer (podšálek), bowl (miska), plate (talíř), pan (pánev), saucepan (hrnec s držadlem (pánev)), pot, lid (poklička), teapot, pressure cooker (papiňák), glass, knife, fork, spoon, wooden spoon (vařečka), teaspoon, soup ladle (naběračka), garlic press, lemon squeezer (vymačkavač citonů), corkscrew (vývrtka), bottle and tin opener, kitchen scales (kuch. váhy), gas stove (kamna), microwave oven, coffee-maker, dish-washer, electric mixer, wash the dishes,
menu, be hungry, be thirsty, starting, helping (porce), table cloth (ubrus), lay the table (prostírat), eat in cafeteria (samoobslužná jídelna), snack bar, canteen (jídelna), restaurant, inn (hostinec), tavern (hospoda), pub (horší hospoda), waiter/waitress, barman/barmaid, ask for the bill, pay the bill, tip sb (dát spropitné),
soups: tripe (dršťková), cream of mushroom, cream of tomato, cauliflower s. (květáková), chicken bouillon, fish s., beef s., vegetable s., borsch,
cup, saucer (podšálek), bowl (miska), plate (talíř), pan (pánev), saucepan (hrnec s držadlem (pánev)), pot, lid (poklička), teapot, pressure cooker (papiňák), glass, knife, fork, spoon, wooden spoon (vařečka), teaspoon, soup ladle (naběračka), garlic press, lemon squeezer (vymačkavač citonů), corkscrew (vývrtka), bottle and tin opener, kitchen scales (kuch. váhy), gas stove (kamna), microwave oven, coffee-maker, dish-washer, electric mixer, wash the dishes,
menu, be hungry, be thirsty, starting, helping (porce), table cloth (ubrus), lay the table (prostírat), eat in cafeteria (samoobslužná jídelna), snack bar, canteen (jídelna), restaurant, inn (hostinec), tavern (hospoda), pub (horší hospoda), waiter/waitress, barman/barmaid, ask for the bill, pay the bill, tip sb (dát spropitné),
soups: tripe (dršťková), cream of mushroom, cream of tomato, cauliflower s. (květáková), chicken bouillon, fish s., beef s., vegetable s., borsch,
Přihlásit se k odběru:
Příspěvky (Atom)