Sports and Games
1) The Olympic games
2) Types of sport
3) Popular sports (GB, USA, Czech), Professional Sport
4) Sports harmful to your health
5) My favourite sport
1)
The Olympic games are international athletic competition held every four-year in different countries in the world. The Olympic games were already held in ancient Greece and they were renewed by Baron Pierre de Coubertain about hundred years ago. Since 1924 there are two parts, the winter part and the summer part, which alternate once every two years.
2)
Sport can be divided form many points of view. Basic division is into the indoor and outdoor sports. Indoor sport can be gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, etc…Outdoor sports are e.g. skiing (cross country, downhill, slalom, ski jump), rock climbing, horse riding, golf, windsurfing, etc…. Many sports can be practiced indoor and outdoor too. (e.g. football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, swimming, etc…)
Other divisions are winter/summer sports, professional/non-professional, individual/group sport, etc…
3)
The most numerous group if games are the ball games. Here is comparison what kinds of games are popular around world.
The British are great lovers of competitive sports, and they are neither playing nor watching, they like to talk about it. England was the first home of modern games. The most widespread is football. In England there are many reputable football clubs such as Manchester United, Arsenal or Aston Villa) and in London there is one of the biggest football stadiums at the world – Wembley Arena. In the USA is football called soccer. Rugby football is also very popular. In this game the ball is oval. National game in Scotland is golf and in England is the national sport cricket. Next to football the chief spectator is horseracing. The best-known steeplechase is the Great National run at Aintree near Liverpool. Another popular sport is tennis. Every year is held one of the most prestige tournaments in the world the Wimbledon.
In the USA most sports and games were commercionalized. The most popular sports are football, which is different (they play with oval ball), baseball, ice-hockey and basketball.
The succeed sportsmen earn lot of money.
In our country are the most popular ball games. Ice hockey is very important because it is on the very high level. We produce many sportsmen who achieved the international success.
The sport is also good method how to earn money and these are not small amounts, as we know. If is the sportsman reaches the highest level the club could sell him for huge amounts.
4)
To practise any sport is very good for our health. In the time of the haste our body have to relax and the sport is good way. It is also the way to keep us in the condition and it is better than e.g. slimming diet.
5)
My favourite sport is ice hockey. I’ d like to tell something about the ice hockey. Here are some rules. The goal of this game is to get the puck into the rival’s gate. There are six players on the ice, one goalkeeper and five more players. The playing time is three times twenty minutes. If the winner is unknown after regular playing time there are another 20 minutes the first goal is decisive. If the winner is unknown after this time then there raids.
Here are some things that are disallowed. Icing is when the player is the rival’s half before the puck. Another is for example “two line pass “. That means that player can’t pass the puck over two lines. There are also some fouls. Hooking, elbowing, play with high hockey stick are punished with exclude form the play for some time, as a rule for 2 minutes a more.
The Czech Republic
Basic facts and geography
The Czech Republic is a state in Central Europe. It occupies an area of 78.864 km2 and it has a population about 10, 3 million inhabitants. Our state is surrounded by the Šumava, the Czech Forest, the Ore Mountains, the Jizerské Mountains, the Giant Mountains and the Eagle Mountains. The Moravian Plain is protected on the West by the Bohemia-Moravian Highland and on the North by the wooded mountainous ranges of Jeseníky and Beskydy. Fertile lowlands can be found in the valleys of the big rivers, the Vltava, the Elbe (following into the North Sea), the Oder (following into the Baltic Sea) and the Morava (following into the Danube and then into the Black Sea) . The climate is mostly continental; the warmest areas are in South Moravia.
One of our most important raw materials is the coal. The black coal and anthracite are to be found in the Ostrava Coal Basin and in the Kladno. The brown coal and lignite are in the North Bohemia Coal Basin and in Western Bohemia in the Sokolov Basin. We have also minor deposits of iron ore, uranium and oil. We have also rich deposits of kaolin and clay which is very important for our glass and ceramic industry. The Czech Republic is industrial country especially we are focused on the engineering industry. Beside this we have also chemical, textile and food industry. Our agriculture is developed enough to supply the people
and to export too.
History
The Slavonic tribes came about 5th century A.D. The first state was the Sámo’s empire established in 623. The first mighty feudal state was Great Moravia Empire in the 9th century. The first historically documented Czech prince was Bořivoj I. The Czech princes, later kings played very important role in the development of the Europe. When the Přemyslid dynasty died after sword in 1306 the throne went in the form of wedding to the Luxembourgs. During their rule the country rose on the importance. One of the most famous Czech kings was Charles IV. During his rule Prague became a centre of Europe. It was the centre of culture, education and trade. In 1348 he established Charles University in Prague.
The reign of Wenceslas IV. is connected with the Hussite Movement John Hus wanted the reformation of the church and the died on the stake as a heretic on 6th June 1415. The main leaders of the movement were John Žižka, Prokop Holý, who fought over many crusades against the Hussite movement.
George of Poděbrady also called “Hussite king” was very good diplomat and he tried to unite Europe against the Turkish danger. After his rule the Jagiellonians, Hapsburg dynasty took over the throne to the end of the 19th century. The best known sovereign was Rudolf II., who re-established the Prague’s importance. He was a fierce collector of an art so Prague became the centre of culture during his rule. But the reign caused that Czech language was oppressed and nation went through the germanization.
19th century brought a time of national revival and after the World War I. on 18th October was established Czechoslovak Republic. But the state was almost destroyed by the Hitler’s occupation after the Munich act from 29th September 1938. After the Nacism was defeated on 8th May 1945 the county was innovated in his original form. Next shock for the nation was the Soviet occupation in 1968. The forty rule of the Communism ended The Velvet revolution on 17th November 1989. The country was divided into The Czech and Slovak Republic 1st January 1993.
National symbols
Emblem – Checked Eagle – Moravia; Black Eagle – Slezsko; two two tails lions
Anthem – “Kde domov můj” – from the opera Fidlovačka – J.K.Tyl and song written by F. Škroup
Flag – Blue field – justice
Red field - blood
White field - peace
National currency is crown.
Political system
The Czech Republic is sovereign, united and democratic state. The government is divided into the tree branches – legislative represented by the Parliament, executive represented by president and the government and judicial represented by courts of various levels.
The Parliament has two chambers – the Chamber of Deputies and the senate. The Chamber of Deputies has 200 members elected every four years and the Senate has 81 Senators and after each 2 years is one third of Senators renewed. They are responsible for making and passing laws. Before the law is passed it have to go through the Chamber of Deputies then the Senate and in the end President has to sign it.
The President is elected every five by the Parliament, but no more then twice. He has the function as the national representant, but he is also commander-in-chief of army. He asks the leader of the most successful party to create the government, he appoints the judges and he has the right to declare amnesty.
The judicial power is divided into a system of courts. The basic is Constitutional court and the highest is the Supreme Court.
The most important parties are The Social Democratic party, Civic Democratic Party, Civic Democratic Union, the Christian Democratic Party and the Czech-Moravian Communist party.
The Czech Republic is a state in Central Europe. It occupies an area of 78.864 km2 and it has a population about 10, 3 million inhabitants. Our state is surrounded by the Šumava, the Czech Forest, the Ore Mountains, the Jizerské Mountains, the Giant Mountains and the Eagle Mountains. The Moravian Plain is protected on the West by the Bohemia-Moravian Highland and on the North by the wooded mountainous ranges of Jeseníky and Beskydy. Fertile lowlands can be found in the valleys of the big rivers, the Vltava, the Elbe (following into the North Sea), the Oder (following into the Baltic Sea) and the Morava (following into the Danube and then into the Black Sea) . The climate is mostly continental; the warmest areas are in South Moravia.
One of our most important raw materials is the coal. The black coal and anthracite are to be found in the Ostrava Coal Basin and in the Kladno. The brown coal and lignite are in the North Bohemia Coal Basin and in Western Bohemia in the Sokolov Basin. We have also minor deposits of iron ore, uranium and oil. We have also rich deposits of kaolin and clay which is very important for our glass and ceramic industry. The Czech Republic is industrial country especially we are focused on the engineering industry. Beside this we have also chemical, textile and food industry. Our agriculture is developed enough to supply the people
and to export too.
History
The Slavonic tribes came about 5th century A.D. The first state was the Sámo’s empire established in 623. The first mighty feudal state was Great Moravia Empire in the 9th century. The first historically documented Czech prince was Bořivoj I. The Czech princes, later kings played very important role in the development of the Europe. When the Přemyslid dynasty died after sword in 1306 the throne went in the form of wedding to the Luxembourgs. During their rule the country rose on the importance. One of the most famous Czech kings was Charles IV. During his rule Prague became a centre of Europe. It was the centre of culture, education and trade. In 1348 he established Charles University in Prague.
The reign of Wenceslas IV. is connected with the Hussite Movement John Hus wanted the reformation of the church and the died on the stake as a heretic on 6th June 1415. The main leaders of the movement were John Žižka, Prokop Holý, who fought over many crusades against the Hussite movement.
George of Poděbrady also called “Hussite king” was very good diplomat and he tried to unite Europe against the Turkish danger. After his rule the Jagiellonians, Hapsburg dynasty took over the throne to the end of the 19th century. The best known sovereign was Rudolf II., who re-established the Prague’s importance. He was a fierce collector of an art so Prague became the centre of culture during his rule. But the reign caused that Czech language was oppressed and nation went through the germanization.
19th century brought a time of national revival and after the World War I. on 18th October was established Czechoslovak Republic. But the state was almost destroyed by the Hitler’s occupation after the Munich act from 29th September 1938. After the Nacism was defeated on 8th May 1945 the county was innovated in his original form. Next shock for the nation was the Soviet occupation in 1968. The forty rule of the Communism ended The Velvet revolution on 17th November 1989. The country was divided into The Czech and Slovak Republic 1st January 1993.
National symbols
Emblem – Checked Eagle – Moravia; Black Eagle – Slezsko; two two tails lions
Anthem – “Kde domov můj” – from the opera Fidlovačka – J.K.Tyl and song written by F. Škroup
Flag – Blue field – justice
Red field - blood
White field - peace
National currency is crown.
Political system
The Czech Republic is sovereign, united and democratic state. The government is divided into the tree branches – legislative represented by the Parliament, executive represented by president and the government and judicial represented by courts of various levels.
The Parliament has two chambers – the Chamber of Deputies and the senate. The Chamber of Deputies has 200 members elected every four years and the Senate has 81 Senators and after each 2 years is one third of Senators renewed. They are responsible for making and passing laws. Before the law is passed it have to go through the Chamber of Deputies then the Senate and in the end President has to sign it.
The President is elected every five by the Parliament, but no more then twice. He has the function as the national representant, but he is also commander-in-chief of army. He asks the leader of the most successful party to create the government, he appoints the judges and he has the right to declare amnesty.
The judicial power is divided into a system of courts. The basic is Constitutional court and the highest is the Supreme Court.
The most important parties are The Social Democratic party, Civic Democratic Party, Civic Democratic Union, the Christian Democratic Party and the Czech-Moravian Communist party.
The English language
Schedule:
1) Development of English
2) Origins of some English words
3) Influence of English on the other languages
4) British vs. American English
1)
About 3000 B.C. Indo-Europeans moved to entire world. The branch, which moved to Britain, was Celts. The Celts lived alone in the Britain for over 2000 years. Julius Caesar came and he brought new language. Latin. Romans lived in England and Celts lived in Scotland and in Wales and only few words they took over. The Romans left in 410 A.D. and forty years later a new group of people came. They were Anglo-Saxons. The language they brought was the Old English. Latin appeared again in 597 A.D. when St. Augustine brought Christianity to Britain. This time many of Latin words entered Old English.
The invasion started and between 750 and 1050 the Vikings began to attack Britain. From their language the Old Norse the English took over some words. The most important event in the British history is the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror attacked the islands. After this French words were important part of the English language. People divided into two parts. French speaking were rich and English speaking were the other.
In the next 200 years the English absorbed all new words and changed to the Middle English. In the next century were printed Canterbury Tales. That was very important, because it fixed the grammar and spelling. English was the strong language.
During the Elizabethan age the English spread into the New World (1620). But it wasn’t all. Famous explorer James Cook took the language to Australia. It was the land of the criminals. In the age of Victoria Britain became an important world power and so the language was growing and changing internationally.
2)
Anglo-Saxon – Man, woman, breed, work, eat, house, shire
Latin – school, minister, pope, verse, candle, mass
Old Norse – sky, leg, call, take, Whitby
French – sovereign, court, govern, advice
Latin and Greek – physics, radius, history, architecture, educate, compute
Worldwide – robot, telephone, video, tea
3)
The English language is one of the most spoken languages in the world that means that the English language has a big influence on the other languages. It shows the direction of the development of the other languages. The other languages also take over many words from the English. It is the language, which is used in the entire world as the language for the international communication.
4)
Between the British and the American English are many differences. The main differences are in the spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.
1) Development of English
2) Origins of some English words
3) Influence of English on the other languages
4) British vs. American English
1)
About 3000 B.C. Indo-Europeans moved to entire world. The branch, which moved to Britain, was Celts. The Celts lived alone in the Britain for over 2000 years. Julius Caesar came and he brought new language. Latin. Romans lived in England and Celts lived in Scotland and in Wales and only few words they took over. The Romans left in 410 A.D. and forty years later a new group of people came. They were Anglo-Saxons. The language they brought was the Old English. Latin appeared again in 597 A.D. when St. Augustine brought Christianity to Britain. This time many of Latin words entered Old English.
The invasion started and between 750 and 1050 the Vikings began to attack Britain. From their language the Old Norse the English took over some words. The most important event in the British history is the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror attacked the islands. After this French words were important part of the English language. People divided into two parts. French speaking were rich and English speaking were the other.
In the next 200 years the English absorbed all new words and changed to the Middle English. In the next century were printed Canterbury Tales. That was very important, because it fixed the grammar and spelling. English was the strong language.
During the Elizabethan age the English spread into the New World (1620). But it wasn’t all. Famous explorer James Cook took the language to Australia. It was the land of the criminals. In the age of Victoria Britain became an important world power and so the language was growing and changing internationally.
2)
Anglo-Saxon – Man, woman, breed, work, eat, house, shire
Latin – school, minister, pope, verse, candle, mass
Old Norse – sky, leg, call, take, Whitby
French – sovereign, court, govern, advice
Latin and Greek – physics, radius, history, architecture, educate, compute
Worldwide – robot, telephone, video, tea
3)
The English language is one of the most spoken languages in the world that means that the English language has a big influence on the other languages. It shows the direction of the development of the other languages. The other languages also take over many words from the English. It is the language, which is used in the entire world as the language for the international communication.
4)
Between the British and the American English are many differences. The main differences are in the spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.
The USA
Schedule:
1) Basic facts and Geography, Climate
2) History
3) National symbols
4) Political system
5) Places of interest
1)
The USA extend over one third of the North America continent. The USA has an area over 9,370,000 square kilometres and population is about 285,000,000 inhabitants. The population consist of many nationalities. 80% of inhabitants are white, 12% African –Americans, 3% Asian/Pacific islanders, 1% Eskimo and about 9% Hispanics. The capital is Washington D.C. and national currency is American Dollar. The official spoken language is the English and the nonofficial the Spain.
The USA is the fourth largest country of the world after Russia, Canada and China.
The USA is bordered by Canada in the North, by Mexico in the South, by The Pacific Ocean in the west and by The Atlantic Ocean in the east. The country is divided into four main areas. The Appalachian Highlands are geologically the oldest. It is situated in the east south part of continent. The Interior Plains also called The Mississippi Basin can be found to the west form The Appalachian Highlands. It includes Lowlands, Central Plains and Great Plains. Cordilleras occupies about half of continent in the west. They can be divided into the several parts: The Rocky Mountains, Great Basin where is the lowest point in the USA-Death Valley (85 metres below sea level). The Colorado Plateau with famous Grand Canyon is also part of The Rocky Mountains. In the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada there is situated the highest peak of the continental USA Mt. Whitney (4418m) but the highest point of USA is Mt. McKinley in Alaska (6194m).
The USA has also many rivers. Here are the most important. The Mississippi and Missouri are the biggest river system. The most important river is the Hudson. The Hudson is the connection with The Great Lakes. The St Lawrence connects The Great Lakes with The Atlantic Ocean. The biggest river in Alaska is The Yukon
The Great Lakes make the border with Canada. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They together cover about 250,000 sq. kilometres.
The Climate of the USA is varied from the Arctic climate in the north to the subtropical climate in the south. There is a great difference between the climate on the Pacific coast, which is worm and summers and winters are not so different. The Atlantic coast is cold.
The Hawaiian Islands has tropical climate.
2)
History of the USA begun in 1492, when Christopher Columbus reached the coast of Bahamas Islands. From October 12, 1492 to July, 1776 North America was a colonial land to many western countries. People moved there because they were looking for resources and because of religion. They also wanted to find gold, but they found out many others sources such as potatoes, beans, corn, and tobacco. The explorers established settlements and first colonies were created. (e.g.: French –Louisiana, 1607-Dutch – New Amsterdam, British – New England, etc…
The resources were carried to Europe, there they were worked and goods were moved back to America. They have to pay for that very expensive goods. The Boston Tea Party in 1773 was the first public protest against importing goods.
The War for Independence begun and it was finished on July 4, 1776 when the Declaration of Independence was signed by 13 colonies that fought in the war. The authors of the document are Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. The first president was George Washington. During 1788 the new Constitution has been created. The USA was divided into two parts. The North, which was industrial and The South, which was agriculture. In the South there was common to use slaves for the work on the plantings, but in the North wasn’t. Later the USA was divided also politically because of coming more and more immigrants. The North afraid that the slave power becomes dominant in the whole nation. So there was formed a new party of Republicans in the North, who wanted to abolish slavery. The South supported Democrats. Abraham Lincoln took a strong anti-slavery stand. This caused that Carolina and more 10 states broke away form The Union and formed Confederate States of America. The Civil War was form 1860 to 1865, when Southern General Lee surrounded his forces to the Union General Grant.
In 1862 President Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation, which emancipated all the slaves. The black were declared free in the 13-15th amendments to the Constitution and they were given the right to vote.
3)
National symbols (Flag, National anthem, Sea Eagle, In God we trust)
The Flag of the United States popularly called The American (Star and Stripes) Flag is the national emblem of The USA. It consists of 13 horizontal stripes 7 red and 6 white and upper rectangular blue field with 50 white stars. The stripes symbolises 13 colonies, which signed The Declaration of Independence. The stars represent 50 states of The Union.
The white colour signifies purity, red valour and hardiness and blue signifies justice.
Golden Eagle is a symbol of courage and power because of its large size, superb aerial skills, and the inaccessibility of many of its nest sites, in wild and mountainous country.
National anthem – Star-Spangled Banner was approved as a national anthem on March 3, 1931. Francis Scott Key wrote the text of the anthem on the board of a British frigate. The sight on the waving flag every morning inspired him to write the poem. This poem soon became very popular. Later in 1931 it became a national anthem
4)
Political system
Under the system of Checks and Balances the federal government is composed of three branches. The legislative represented by Congress, the Executive represented by the President and the Executive office and the Judicial represented by the Supreme Court and all other Federal Courts.
Congress comprises two bodies the Senate and the House of Representatives. They are responsible for drafting and passing laws, settings and collecting taxes, etc…The Senate is composed of 100 Senators (two for each state). Senators are elected for 6 years and every second year one third of the Senators is renewed.
The House is composed of 435 Representatives. The number of the Representatives is based on the population of each state. Members of House are changed after two years. The House is responsible for originating all bills relating to taxes and determining the outcome of a presidential election if there’s no clear electoral majority.
The President and Vice President are only elected officials of the Executive branch. Presidential elections are held every four years and President can be elected maximally two times. President has to be at least 35 years old. President serves as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, but the declaration of was must be made by Congress. President is also representing the country around the world. The executive branch comprises the President’s personal staff called Executive Office. –14 cabinet departments
The smallest branch is the Judiciary interprets the law of the land. It is composed by three-level hierarchy- Federal district courts, US courts of appeal and the US Supreme court. President appoints judges at all three levels and the Senate must confirm them.
5)
Washington D.C.
Washington D.C. is situated at the Atlantic metropolitan belt. The abbreviation D.C. means District of Columbia, which was established by Congress in 1790. The city is situated on the Potomac River. The D.C. is the seat of the federal government of the United Sates. The plan of the city was created by the French architect Pierre L’Enfant. Maryland and Virginia gave the land for the District. It was originally square 10 miles on each side. The corners were oriented north-south and east-west. Washington is the most lucid city in USA. The US Capitol is situated exactly at the centre. The North-south streets are numbered from the Capitol and the east-west streets are lettered from the Capitol. The streets are perpendicular themselves.
Washington has many imposing buildings. The Capitol and the White House are the most historic. The Capitol consists of two parts, the Senate Wing and the House of Representatives Wing. White House is presidents’ residence. In 1800 John Adams was the first president who occupied the residence.
Other places of interest are e.g. Washington Monument. It’s the white marble obelisk rises in the middle of the Mall. Jefferson Memorial is the adaptation of the ancient Roman Pantheon. The open-air interior of the Monument is dominated by the bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson holding The Declaration of Independence. Lincoln Memorial was inspired by Greek architecture. The famous statue of George Washington stands in front of the Memorial.
Vietnam Veterans Memorial is the wall in a form of letter V engraved with names of those 58,000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War. Arlington National Cemetery is the country’s most revered burial, which contains graves of over 200,000 military and their dependents. Two of US presidents are buried there: President W. H. Taft and President John F. Kennedy.
New York City
New York is the largest and the most populated city in USA. New York can be divided into five parts: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island (Richmond). The city is situated on the River Hudson. The first European who entered New York was Giovanni da Verrazano. He was followed by Henry Hudson who named the Hudson River. In 1624 was established New Amsterdam by the Dutch. The island was bought form Indians for 24 dollars.
In 1664 New Amsterdam became an English colony and it was renamed to New York In 1886 the Statue of Liberty was built into the harbour. At the turn of 20th century the first skyscrapers begun to appear. In the begun of the new century New York is known as a city of skyscrapers. The most famous World Trade Centre (twin tower) built in 1973 was destroyed on September 11,2001 by terrorist attack.
Also as in Washington, New York has many imposing buildings. The world known Wall Street is the first stock in entire world created in 1792. Madison Square named after James Madison, was established as a park in 1811. Madison Square Garden Centre was built in 1968 and it’s a place of cultural and sports events. Probably the most famous building in the New York is the Empire State building. It is the one of the highest buildings in the world. It has 102 stories and it’s 381 metres high.
Other places of interest in the USA are NASA – Kennedy Space Centre’s Spaceport, Las Vegas, The Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park, the Great Lakes area with Niagara Falls, etc…
1) Basic facts and Geography, Climate
2) History
3) National symbols
4) Political system
5) Places of interest
1)
The USA extend over one third of the North America continent. The USA has an area over 9,370,000 square kilometres and population is about 285,000,000 inhabitants. The population consist of many nationalities. 80% of inhabitants are white, 12% African –Americans, 3% Asian/Pacific islanders, 1% Eskimo and about 9% Hispanics. The capital is Washington D.C. and national currency is American Dollar. The official spoken language is the English and the nonofficial the Spain.
The USA is the fourth largest country of the world after Russia, Canada and China.
The USA is bordered by Canada in the North, by Mexico in the South, by The Pacific Ocean in the west and by The Atlantic Ocean in the east. The country is divided into four main areas. The Appalachian Highlands are geologically the oldest. It is situated in the east south part of continent. The Interior Plains also called The Mississippi Basin can be found to the west form The Appalachian Highlands. It includes Lowlands, Central Plains and Great Plains. Cordilleras occupies about half of continent in the west. They can be divided into the several parts: The Rocky Mountains, Great Basin where is the lowest point in the USA-Death Valley (85 metres below sea level). The Colorado Plateau with famous Grand Canyon is also part of The Rocky Mountains. In the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada there is situated the highest peak of the continental USA Mt. Whitney (4418m) but the highest point of USA is Mt. McKinley in Alaska (6194m).
The USA has also many rivers. Here are the most important. The Mississippi and Missouri are the biggest river system. The most important river is the Hudson. The Hudson is the connection with The Great Lakes. The St Lawrence connects The Great Lakes with The Atlantic Ocean. The biggest river in Alaska is The Yukon
The Great Lakes make the border with Canada. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They together cover about 250,000 sq. kilometres.
The Climate of the USA is varied from the Arctic climate in the north to the subtropical climate in the south. There is a great difference between the climate on the Pacific coast, which is worm and summers and winters are not so different. The Atlantic coast is cold.
The Hawaiian Islands has tropical climate.
2)
History of the USA begun in 1492, when Christopher Columbus reached the coast of Bahamas Islands. From October 12, 1492 to July, 1776 North America was a colonial land to many western countries. People moved there because they were looking for resources and because of religion. They also wanted to find gold, but they found out many others sources such as potatoes, beans, corn, and tobacco. The explorers established settlements and first colonies were created. (e.g.: French –Louisiana, 1607-Dutch – New Amsterdam, British – New England, etc…
The resources were carried to Europe, there they were worked and goods were moved back to America. They have to pay for that very expensive goods. The Boston Tea Party in 1773 was the first public protest against importing goods.
The War for Independence begun and it was finished on July 4, 1776 when the Declaration of Independence was signed by 13 colonies that fought in the war. The authors of the document are Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. The first president was George Washington. During 1788 the new Constitution has been created. The USA was divided into two parts. The North, which was industrial and The South, which was agriculture. In the South there was common to use slaves for the work on the plantings, but in the North wasn’t. Later the USA was divided also politically because of coming more and more immigrants. The North afraid that the slave power becomes dominant in the whole nation. So there was formed a new party of Republicans in the North, who wanted to abolish slavery. The South supported Democrats. Abraham Lincoln took a strong anti-slavery stand. This caused that Carolina and more 10 states broke away form The Union and formed Confederate States of America. The Civil War was form 1860 to 1865, when Southern General Lee surrounded his forces to the Union General Grant.
In 1862 President Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation, which emancipated all the slaves. The black were declared free in the 13-15th amendments to the Constitution and they were given the right to vote.
3)
National symbols (Flag, National anthem, Sea Eagle, In God we trust)
The Flag of the United States popularly called The American (Star and Stripes) Flag is the national emblem of The USA. It consists of 13 horizontal stripes 7 red and 6 white and upper rectangular blue field with 50 white stars. The stripes symbolises 13 colonies, which signed The Declaration of Independence. The stars represent 50 states of The Union.
The white colour signifies purity, red valour and hardiness and blue signifies justice.
Golden Eagle is a symbol of courage and power because of its large size, superb aerial skills, and the inaccessibility of many of its nest sites, in wild and mountainous country.
National anthem – Star-Spangled Banner was approved as a national anthem on March 3, 1931. Francis Scott Key wrote the text of the anthem on the board of a British frigate. The sight on the waving flag every morning inspired him to write the poem. This poem soon became very popular. Later in 1931 it became a national anthem
4)
Political system
Under the system of Checks and Balances the federal government is composed of three branches. The legislative represented by Congress, the Executive represented by the President and the Executive office and the Judicial represented by the Supreme Court and all other Federal Courts.
Congress comprises two bodies the Senate and the House of Representatives. They are responsible for drafting and passing laws, settings and collecting taxes, etc…The Senate is composed of 100 Senators (two for each state). Senators are elected for 6 years and every second year one third of the Senators is renewed.
The House is composed of 435 Representatives. The number of the Representatives is based on the population of each state. Members of House are changed after two years. The House is responsible for originating all bills relating to taxes and determining the outcome of a presidential election if there’s no clear electoral majority.
The President and Vice President are only elected officials of the Executive branch. Presidential elections are held every four years and President can be elected maximally two times. President has to be at least 35 years old. President serves as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, but the declaration of was must be made by Congress. President is also representing the country around the world. The executive branch comprises the President’s personal staff called Executive Office. –14 cabinet departments
The smallest branch is the Judiciary interprets the law of the land. It is composed by three-level hierarchy- Federal district courts, US courts of appeal and the US Supreme court. President appoints judges at all three levels and the Senate must confirm them.
5)
Washington D.C.
Washington D.C. is situated at the Atlantic metropolitan belt. The abbreviation D.C. means District of Columbia, which was established by Congress in 1790. The city is situated on the Potomac River. The D.C. is the seat of the federal government of the United Sates. The plan of the city was created by the French architect Pierre L’Enfant. Maryland and Virginia gave the land for the District. It was originally square 10 miles on each side. The corners were oriented north-south and east-west. Washington is the most lucid city in USA. The US Capitol is situated exactly at the centre. The North-south streets are numbered from the Capitol and the east-west streets are lettered from the Capitol. The streets are perpendicular themselves.
Washington has many imposing buildings. The Capitol and the White House are the most historic. The Capitol consists of two parts, the Senate Wing and the House of Representatives Wing. White House is presidents’ residence. In 1800 John Adams was the first president who occupied the residence.
Other places of interest are e.g. Washington Monument. It’s the white marble obelisk rises in the middle of the Mall. Jefferson Memorial is the adaptation of the ancient Roman Pantheon. The open-air interior of the Monument is dominated by the bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson holding The Declaration of Independence. Lincoln Memorial was inspired by Greek architecture. The famous statue of George Washington stands in front of the Memorial.
Vietnam Veterans Memorial is the wall in a form of letter V engraved with names of those 58,000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War. Arlington National Cemetery is the country’s most revered burial, which contains graves of over 200,000 military and their dependents. Two of US presidents are buried there: President W. H. Taft and President John F. Kennedy.
New York City
New York is the largest and the most populated city in USA. New York can be divided into five parts: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island (Richmond). The city is situated on the River Hudson. The first European who entered New York was Giovanni da Verrazano. He was followed by Henry Hudson who named the Hudson River. In 1624 was established New Amsterdam by the Dutch. The island was bought form Indians for 24 dollars.
In 1664 New Amsterdam became an English colony and it was renamed to New York In 1886 the Statue of Liberty was built into the harbour. At the turn of 20th century the first skyscrapers begun to appear. In the begun of the new century New York is known as a city of skyscrapers. The most famous World Trade Centre (twin tower) built in 1973 was destroyed on September 11,2001 by terrorist attack.
Also as in Washington, New York has many imposing buildings. The world known Wall Street is the first stock in entire world created in 1792. Madison Square named after James Madison, was established as a park in 1811. Madison Square Garden Centre was built in 1968 and it’s a place of cultural and sports events. Probably the most famous building in the New York is the Empire State building. It is the one of the highest buildings in the world. It has 102 stories and it’s 381 metres high.
Other places of interest in the USA are NASA – Kennedy Space Centre’s Spaceport, Las Vegas, The Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park, the Great Lakes area with Niagara Falls, etc…
Travelling
Schedule:
1) Various reasons for travelling (past vs. present)
2) Means of transport – land , air, water
3) Advantages and disadvantages of each one
4) Quality of public transport
5) Development of modern transport
6) Reasons why tourists come to our country – places of interest
1)
People travel in order to reach places that are far away; maybe they travel for fun or from necessity. Travelling takes up more time in our live than we can imagine. Everyday we travel to school, to work, to go shopping or visiting friends.
2)
In the past travelling had similar cause to now days. People in the past wanted to go somewhere or move something somewhere. But the kinds of transport were not as much advanced and colourful as now days.
In the present there are two main means of transport. It is our mean of transport or public transportation services. People can transport goods or themselves by land, air or by water.
3)
The main fact that speaks for water transport are small costs. That’s why the rivers, seas and oceans are filled with cargos and passengers vessels. The advantage is that you can take as much luggage as you want to take. Not many people have the courage to board on the ship because they can become seasick.
Going by air consumes huge sums of money but it is the fastest and very comfortable. The air transportation system is strictly dependent on the timetable. At the airport we go through the passport control then security checks our luggage, then we board the plane and wait until the plane take off. When we are lucky our flight is cancelled or postponed.
Travelling on the land is very variable. Cars and motorbikes are expensive to purchase and you have to pay for the petrol, which costs a lot of money too. The advantage of the cars is that it can take you almost anywhere in any time. Modern cars have a lot of space for luggage and seats are so soft that sometimes it is more comfortable than go on a plane. For use the car you have to have a driving license so you have to know Highway Code. The Highway Code is different in Britain and in the USA where people drive on the left.
4)
In the huge cities is more advantageous to use public transport. Public transport is cheaper, but it is less comfortable. The network of the bus and railway stations covers most inhabited places. An ordinary railway station looks like this: Big hall with ticket office, where you can buy a ticket (single, return or the seat reservation), board with departures and arrivals, a left luggage office or lockers, telephones, restaurant and under passage directly to the platform. You can get in the train and find the place to sit down. If it’s all occupied you have to stay or find a seat on the stairs. During the journey you can play cards, talk with other passengers or sleep. During the journey the conductor comes to check the tickets. In the Britain there are no conductors and you hand over your ticket to a ticket controller before leaving the platform.
In big cities we can use underground to transport. It is very advantageous, because if you go by bus you can get to the traffic jam. But in the underground there is nothing like this
.5)
The technique is changing constantly and transport too. The factories try to make cars which are more comfortable and safe than ever in the pass. Now days the cars have the main computer which monitors everything form your seat belts, doors and it also has the GPS system which can navigate you.
If you fly a plane you only programme the autopilot and then you can only the functions. The planes are able to land without the intervention of human being. But planes are too old and in soon future we will travel in the space. The first space tourist has already been sent. But this kind of transport is maybe the most expensive in the world.
6)
Our country is one of the most visited countries in the Europe. We have colourful history and our capital and others cities are beautiful. Tourists come to sea that part of history that they don’t have in their country, E.g. the Americans. They say that we have cheap beer and beautiful women. Some of the foreigners come to see our history and places of interest.
Weather, time, seasons
Weather is a good conversational topic, very popular in the Britain, because it is impersonal. Britain has mostly mild and moderate climate. Winters are not so cold and summers are not so hot. The climate can change form minute to minute.
West coast of USA has warm climate and the most of year is sunny. The coast is influenced by the Pacific Ocean climate. East coast has moderate climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean.
The Czech Republic has a moderate continental climate. The year is divided into four parts spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season has about three months and has it own beauty.
Spring begins on 21st March, which is also a day of a spring equinox. The days get longer and the night is shorter. Spring and summer are the most beautiful seasons of the year. Nature wakes up after the winter and people fall in love and we have summer holiday. The weather in spring especially in April is unpredictable and very changeable. The temperatures usually fluctuate around the zero at night and during the day it can rise above the zero and sometimes up to ten degrees. It is the time of many rainfalls, but if it clears up the air is fresh and people enjoy good weather.
Summer begins on 21st June, a day of a summer solstice and the day is longest in the year. People are more interested in weather, because they set out on journeys and plan their holidays. The temperatures rise above 25 °C. Early in the morning the sky is bright and clear and no wind blows. If the rain comes it is usually in a form of storm or shower. The storm is followed with the thunder, lightning and heavy downpour. Every man who stands out is wet to the skin. It is very dangerous to stand under the trees, because when the lightning hit it, it may wound you. Sometimes when the sun is shining during the shower, there is a rainbow after it. Summer is also the time of for strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and cranberries and it is a time of the harvest of corn.
At the beginning of the September exactly on 23rd September the summer is over. This is also a day of autumn equinox. The nights are longer and days get shorter. It is a time of harvest. We pick apples, pears and plumbs and we are gathering potatoes. The trees and grass are changing. The stalks go yellow and gets dry. The leaves go yellow, brown and fall. It is a time of mushrooming. Birds set off the journey to the south. The days are cloudy and it often rains. Temperatures drop down, the weather is gloomy, rainy and it goes chilly. The mornings are sometimes foggy. Also the behaviour of people is changing. They are irritable and it is a time of many diseases.
Winter comes on 21st December, the day of winter equinox. The night is longest in the year. Typical winter weather brings snowfalls. The view from the top of the mountain down to the valley on the white trees is absolutely wonderful. The temperatures sometimes drop 20 degrees below the freezing point. The roads become icy and slippery and it is very dangerous to go by car.
During the last fifty years the have temperatures and climate changed a lot. The winters in the moderate climate belt are warmer and summers are colder. The places with the highest points of rainfalls became wetter and the driest places become more and drier. Man is only being who is responsible for all of this. The main cause is pollution and greenhouse effect. Thanks to that the average earth temperature has risen about 0,6 °C during last fifty years.
West coast of USA has warm climate and the most of year is sunny. The coast is influenced by the Pacific Ocean climate. East coast has moderate climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean.
The Czech Republic has a moderate continental climate. The year is divided into four parts spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season has about three months and has it own beauty.
Spring begins on 21st March, which is also a day of a spring equinox. The days get longer and the night is shorter. Spring and summer are the most beautiful seasons of the year. Nature wakes up after the winter and people fall in love and we have summer holiday. The weather in spring especially in April is unpredictable and very changeable. The temperatures usually fluctuate around the zero at night and during the day it can rise above the zero and sometimes up to ten degrees. It is the time of many rainfalls, but if it clears up the air is fresh and people enjoy good weather.
Summer begins on 21st June, a day of a summer solstice and the day is longest in the year. People are more interested in weather, because they set out on journeys and plan their holidays. The temperatures rise above 25 °C. Early in the morning the sky is bright and clear and no wind blows. If the rain comes it is usually in a form of storm or shower. The storm is followed with the thunder, lightning and heavy downpour. Every man who stands out is wet to the skin. It is very dangerous to stand under the trees, because when the lightning hit it, it may wound you. Sometimes when the sun is shining during the shower, there is a rainbow after it. Summer is also the time of for strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and cranberries and it is a time of the harvest of corn.
At the beginning of the September exactly on 23rd September the summer is over. This is also a day of autumn equinox. The nights are longer and days get shorter. It is a time of harvest. We pick apples, pears and plumbs and we are gathering potatoes. The trees and grass are changing. The stalks go yellow and gets dry. The leaves go yellow, brown and fall. It is a time of mushrooming. Birds set off the journey to the south. The days are cloudy and it often rains. Temperatures drop down, the weather is gloomy, rainy and it goes chilly. The mornings are sometimes foggy. Also the behaviour of people is changing. They are irritable and it is a time of many diseases.
Winter comes on 21st December, the day of winter equinox. The night is longest in the year. Typical winter weather brings snowfalls. The view from the top of the mountain down to the valley on the white trees is absolutely wonderful. The temperatures sometimes drop 20 degrees below the freezing point. The roads become icy and slippery and it is very dangerous to go by car.
During the last fifty years the have temperatures and climate changed a lot. The winters in the moderate climate belt are warmer and summers are colder. The places with the highest points of rainfalls became wetter and the driest places become more and drier. Man is only being who is responsible for all of this. The main cause is pollution and greenhouse effect. Thanks to that the average earth temperature has risen about 0,6 °C during last fifty years.
William Shakespeare
He was born on 23rd April 1564 at Stratford-upon-Avon. His father was merchant. At the age of seven he started attending local grammar school. At eighteen he married Anne Hathaway from nearby village Shottery. She was eight years older and already pregnant. After the wedding their first child had been born. It was their first daughter Susanna. Then they had twins the boy Hamnet and the girl Judith.
Until the year 1592 there are almost no records about him. But we know that in this year he was already established actor and playwright in London. In 1594 he joined to Lord Chamberlain’s Men and working there as leading actor and dramatist. In 1599 the company built their own theatre, The Globe in which Shakespeare shared the profits. For the next decade the Globe was leading theatre. Many famous plays were written and acted there. Queen Elizabeth I. and her son James I. showed the company many favours.
But there was a disaster in 1613. During the performance Henry VIII. the Globe was destroyed by the fire. Lord Chamberlain’s Men already renamed to the King’s Men had leased other smaller theatre, The Blackfriars. This theatre was indoor unlike the Globe, which was outdoor. This theatre allowed performing the scenic effects, that caused rising of spectaculars.
Before, in 1612 Shakespeare had returned home, because his son Hamnet had died. They lived at New Place, which was the second largest house in Stratford. There he spent the last years of his life. In 1613 he bought the Blackfriars. Shakespeare died on 23rd April 1616 and he is buried at Trinity Church.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays divided into four groups. They are the comedies, the tragedies, the historical plays and the romances.
COMEDIES TRAGEDIE ROMANCES HISTORICAL PLAYS
The Taming of the Shrew Romeo and Juliet The Winter’s Tale Henry IV. I. II.
As you like it Hamlet The Tempest Julius Caesar
Twelfth Night King Lear Pericles
A Midsummer Night’s Dream Othello
Macbeth
Shakespeare also wrote poetry, the sonnets. (The Rape of Lucrece, Venus and Adonis)
Hamlet
Hamlet, the son of the Denmark king, learns about the death of his father. The ghost tells him that he has been poisoned by spill the poison into the ear. To make it sure, Hamlet pretends madness and tests the ghost’s story by having a play, which resembles to the murder of his father. Nobody guesses why he goes bananas. The prepared play is acted before the new king, who betrays himself. He decides to destroy Hamlet and he sends him to
England to have him killed there. But Hamlet returns and plays the end of the story into a bloody vengeance when almost everyone dies. – Hamlet, the King, Hamlet’s mother…
King Lear
King Lear had three daughters. He decided to divide his kingdom among them and he asked them to tell him who of them loved him the best. The two elder ones told him that they loved him above all, but that was not true. Cordelia, who really loved him, said that she would give a half of her love to him and a half to her future husband. King Lear became very angry and drove her away from home. Too late the king realized that both two daughters hadn’t told him the truth. They get rid of him and the old king wet mad. Cordelia, who married the king of France came to England with the army to help father. But both King Lear and Cordelia were made prisoners and she was put to death by her sisters. Then King Lear had the heart broke and he died too.
Until the year 1592 there are almost no records about him. But we know that in this year he was already established actor and playwright in London. In 1594 he joined to Lord Chamberlain’s Men and working there as leading actor and dramatist. In 1599 the company built their own theatre, The Globe in which Shakespeare shared the profits. For the next decade the Globe was leading theatre. Many famous plays were written and acted there. Queen Elizabeth I. and her son James I. showed the company many favours.
But there was a disaster in 1613. During the performance Henry VIII. the Globe was destroyed by the fire. Lord Chamberlain’s Men already renamed to the King’s Men had leased other smaller theatre, The Blackfriars. This theatre was indoor unlike the Globe, which was outdoor. This theatre allowed performing the scenic effects, that caused rising of spectaculars.
Before, in 1612 Shakespeare had returned home, because his son Hamnet had died. They lived at New Place, which was the second largest house in Stratford. There he spent the last years of his life. In 1613 he bought the Blackfriars. Shakespeare died on 23rd April 1616 and he is buried at Trinity Church.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays divided into four groups. They are the comedies, the tragedies, the historical plays and the romances.
COMEDIES TRAGEDIE ROMANCES HISTORICAL PLAYS
The Taming of the Shrew Romeo and Juliet The Winter’s Tale Henry IV. I. II.
As you like it Hamlet The Tempest Julius Caesar
Twelfth Night King Lear Pericles
A Midsummer Night’s Dream Othello
Macbeth
Shakespeare also wrote poetry, the sonnets. (The Rape of Lucrece, Venus and Adonis)
Hamlet
Hamlet, the son of the Denmark king, learns about the death of his father. The ghost tells him that he has been poisoned by spill the poison into the ear. To make it sure, Hamlet pretends madness and tests the ghost’s story by having a play, which resembles to the murder of his father. Nobody guesses why he goes bananas. The prepared play is acted before the new king, who betrays himself. He decides to destroy Hamlet and he sends him to
England to have him killed there. But Hamlet returns and plays the end of the story into a bloody vengeance when almost everyone dies. – Hamlet, the King, Hamlet’s mother…
King Lear
King Lear had three daughters. He decided to divide his kingdom among them and he asked them to tell him who of them loved him the best. The two elder ones told him that they loved him above all, but that was not true. Cordelia, who really loved him, said that she would give a half of her love to him and a half to her future husband. King Lear became very angry and drove her away from home. Too late the king realized that both two daughters hadn’t told him the truth. They get rid of him and the old king wet mad. Cordelia, who married the king of France came to England with the army to help father. But both King Lear and Cordelia were made prisoners and she was put to death by her sisters. Then King Lear had the heart broke and he died too.
Oscar Wilde
(1854-1900)
One of the most considerable authors in England, leader of the Aesthetic movement of the Eighties and Nineties, speaker, philosopher, poet and dramatist. He fascinated and also disgusted victorian human society with his opinions and his behaviour. He was bohemian, had inclinations to homosexuality, wrote with an undertone of satire. He wrote collections of fairy - tales The Happy Prince and Other Tales, A House of Pomegranates; collections of stories Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Canterville Ghost. Decadent theatre play Salome was originally written in French. The other theatre plays are An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest. This one is the most popular. He also wrote three collections of poetry, his Ballad of Reading Gaol is a magnificent work. His only novel, A Picture of Dorian Gray was published in 1890 and is his most interesting work. We can say that A Picture of Dorian Gray is a picture of Wilde’s soul.
A Picture of Dorian Gray
Talented painter Basil Hallward got acquainted with a very beautiful young gentleman Dorian Gray. He was fascinated with him, with his intelligence and appearance and couldn’t live without his presence. Hallward started to paint him and one day introduced Dorian to his friend, cynical and sarcastic lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry’s philosophy of life and living influenced Dorian a lot, so in the fit of vanity he said: "I wish I could be young and beautiful all my life, forever. I wish for the picture, which had been painted by Basil, could grow old instead of me." This Dorian’s wish came true...
Dorian fell in love with young and talented actress Sibyla Vane, mainly with her perfect expression of Shakespeare’s heroines. When she couldn’t performed love on the stage, because she experienced it, Dorian was disappointed and desert her. Sibyla was very desperate and so she committed suicide. Dorian started a decadent way of his life, his only aim was to enjoy beauty and delights. His face stayed young and beautiful in the same way as when he was twenty years old, but his picture grew old and became more and more ugly, in accordance with the number of how many young and promising boys brought he to ruin and how many girls’ hearts broke he.
One day Basil visited him, and when he attempted to improve Dorian’s soul, Dorian killed him in the fit of rage. But he had big remorses and so he decided to destroy his picture. He took the knife and cut the picture.
When servants opened the room, on the wall hung the picture of beautiful, young boy and on the floor lay ugly, old dead body. As they found, this wreck was Dorian Gray.
One of the most considerable authors in England, leader of the Aesthetic movement of the Eighties and Nineties, speaker, philosopher, poet and dramatist. He fascinated and also disgusted victorian human society with his opinions and his behaviour. He was bohemian, had inclinations to homosexuality, wrote with an undertone of satire. He wrote collections of fairy - tales The Happy Prince and Other Tales, A House of Pomegranates; collections of stories Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Canterville Ghost. Decadent theatre play Salome was originally written in French. The other theatre plays are An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest. This one is the most popular. He also wrote three collections of poetry, his Ballad of Reading Gaol is a magnificent work. His only novel, A Picture of Dorian Gray was published in 1890 and is his most interesting work. We can say that A Picture of Dorian Gray is a picture of Wilde’s soul.
A Picture of Dorian Gray
Talented painter Basil Hallward got acquainted with a very beautiful young gentleman Dorian Gray. He was fascinated with him, with his intelligence and appearance and couldn’t live without his presence. Hallward started to paint him and one day introduced Dorian to his friend, cynical and sarcastic lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry’s philosophy of life and living influenced Dorian a lot, so in the fit of vanity he said: "I wish I could be young and beautiful all my life, forever. I wish for the picture, which had been painted by Basil, could grow old instead of me." This Dorian’s wish came true...
Dorian fell in love with young and talented actress Sibyla Vane, mainly with her perfect expression of Shakespeare’s heroines. When she couldn’t performed love on the stage, because she experienced it, Dorian was disappointed and desert her. Sibyla was very desperate and so she committed suicide. Dorian started a decadent way of his life, his only aim was to enjoy beauty and delights. His face stayed young and beautiful in the same way as when he was twenty years old, but his picture grew old and became more and more ugly, in accordance with the number of how many young and promising boys brought he to ruin and how many girls’ hearts broke he.
One day Basil visited him, and when he attempted to improve Dorian’s soul, Dorian killed him in the fit of rage. But he had big remorses and so he decided to destroy his picture. He took the knife and cut the picture.
When servants opened the room, on the wall hung the picture of beautiful, young boy and on the floor lay ugly, old dead body. As they found, this wreck was Dorian Gray.
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