CANADA

Canada

Geography
area: 9,976,139
population: 27,297,000
capital city: Ottawa
other cities: Montreal, Quebec, Calgary, Toronto, Edmonton,
Vancouver, Halifax
Canada is the 2nd largest country in the world after Russia and
occupies the northern part of North America, borders with the
USA, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Great
Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Lake Winnipeg
rivers: the St. Lawrence River, the Winnipeg, the Saskatchewan,
the Columbia, the Frazer, the Yukon, the Mackenzie
Canada is divided into 7 regions:
The Pacific Coast - British Columbia, Vancouver Island)
The Cordillera - the Rocky Mountains, the Coast Mountains, St.
Elias Mountains (Mount Logan - 6,050)
The Prairies - grain-producing region
The Canadian Shield - Hudson Bay, region of minerals
The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence lowlands
The Atlantic Provinces - Appalachian Region
The Arctic


History
the first people are though to have arrived to America from
Siberia about 30,000 years ago
the Vikings (Icelandic Norsemen) settled about 985 on the island
of Newfoundland
1497 - John Cabot claimed the land for the English Crown; in
1534 James Cartier planted the flag of France on a Gaspe
promontory
1763 - the Treaty of Paris - an agreement between England and
France - dividing the territories; 1774 - Quebec Act -British
granted French civil laws in Canada
1791 - dividing: Upper Canada and Lower Canada, but they were
united again until British rule in 1830's because of rebellions
1st July, 1867 - Dominion of Canada ' 1st July is celebrated as
"Canada Day"
1931 - the Statue of Westminster - confirmation of autonomy


Political system
constitutional monarchy, a federal state and parliamentary
democracy with two official languages and two systems of law:
civil law and common law
Canada has 10 provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba,
New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward
Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and 3 territories (Northwest
Territory, Yukon Territory and Nunavut)
in 1982 the Charter if Rights and Freedoms was entrenched in the
Canadian Constitution
the Canadian Parliament is composed of the Queen (who is
represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House
of Commons
the Senate (Upper House) has 104 members who are appointed and
are divided essentially among Canada's 4 main regions of
Ontario, Quebec, the West and the Atlantic Provinces
the House of Commons is with its 295 members (five-year terms)
the major lawmaking body
the real executive authority is the Cabinet with Prime Minister
- they are advisers of the monarch
the party with the 2nd largest number of seats is called Her
Majesty's Loyal Opposition


Economy
Canada belongs to G-7 countries (Canada, France, Italy, Germany,
Japan, the UK, the USA), sometimes it's extended to G-8 (plus
Russia)
rich sources of raw materials: uranium, zinc, sulphur, nickel,
aluminium, gas
agriculture: wheat
highly developed trading country


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