(history, geographical features, system of government, lifestyles, regions, sights, industries)
1) Australia
• 6th largest country in the world, smallest continent in the world
• 15 million inhabitants, density about 2 people to one sq. kilometer, 40000 full-blooded Aborigines
• continental climate, some parts tropical
• discovered by captain James Cook in 1770 (landed in Botany Bay), colonization after 18 years, discovery of gold in 19th century, 1901 formed the Commonwealth of Australia as a British dominion
• federal state with Governor General, the Federal Parliament in Canberra, divided into the Senate (60) and the House of Representatives (120)
• six states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania
• three territories: Northern Territory, Coral Sea Islands Territory, Australian Capital Territory
• education: compulsory to 15 not yet, three types of secondary: technical, academic, general
2) Cities
• Canberra, capital, founded 1913, modern planned, many open spaces, ¼ million inhabitants, Captain Cook Memorial Waterjet – 134 meters high
• Melbourne, most elegant, founded 1801, 2nd largest, beautiful parks, museums, galleries, concert halls, three universities (Captain Cook’s cottage), ½ million inhabitants
• Sydney, oldest, founded 1788, largest, 3 million inhabitants, Opera House, Harbour Bridge
• Brisbane, 3rd largest, lies on the threshold of the tropics, textile, chemical, food factories, oil refineries, engineering works, paper mills
• Adelaide, 4th largest, two universities, biggest car factory
• Perth, industrial city, important port
3) Nature
• animals: kangaroo, platypus, echidna, termite, dingo dog, koala bear, wild horse, snake, emu
• plants: eucalyptus tree
• 120 national parks and reservations
• largest monolith in the world, 600 meters high Ayers Rock
• most rivers get dry; two big rivers – Murray, Darling
• 2/3 of surface made of deserts – Great Sand Desert, Great Victorian Desert, Gibson Desert
• mountains: Great Dividing Range, Australian Alps (Mt. Kosciusko)
4) New Zealand
• 2000 km south-east from Australia, population of 3.7 million
• two large islands – North Island, South Island
• largest town: Auckland (0.8 million inhabitants)
• capital: Wellington
• discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642
• rich agricultural country: livestock breeding, cattle, sheep
• production of meat (world’s biggest, lamb, beef, mutton), dairy products (butter, cheese, milk powder), wool
• belongs to the British Commonwealth of Nations; Governor General, the House of Representatives (92)
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