1588 - The invasion of Britain by Spain was thwarted by the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
1603 - Union of English and Scottish crowns. James VI of Scotland became James I of England, the first of the Stuart rulers.
1642 - Outbreak of English Civil War.
1649 - Charles I was beheaded, and a republic was declared. Oliver Cromwell’s ruthless supression of Irish rebellion culminated in the slaughter of an Irish garrison at Drogheda.
1653 - Oliver Cromwell dissolved Parliament and became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, a position he retained until his death in 1659.
1660 - Restoration of the Stuart monarchy under Charles II.
1707 - Scotland was annexed to England > Great Britain
1801 - An Act of Union took effect which incorporated Ireland into Great Britain.
1837 - 1901 - the reign of Queen Victoria, 1876 - creation of India colony
1914-1918 - Great Britain and the other Allies fought the Central Powers during World War I. Although the Allies won, the war had shattering economic and social effects on the kingdom.
1921 - The Irish Free State was created. The British kingdom was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
1940 - Victory in the air during the Battle of Britain prevented a German invasion.
1947 - The British colonies of India and Pakistan became independent nations. Many other British colonies became independent in the following years.
1982 - Great Britain defeated Argentine forces after Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands.
1979-1990 - Margaret Thatcher resigned as prime minister and was replaced by fellow Conservative John Major.
1991 - Large numbers of the armed forces took part in the Gulf War.
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