18, The U.S.A. – History

18, The U.S.A. – History

About 1000 - first settlers were Vikings.
Till 1400 – the only inhabitants (jediní obyvatelé) native Indians (domorodí Indiáni).
12. October 1492 – Christopher Columbus arrived in America.
1607 – the first British colony – Jamestown (now Virginia).
1620 – first oversea settler – „Pilgrim Fathers“ came on the ship Mayflower.
During the 17 th century – a lof of colonies originated – Dutch, French, British....
4 th July 1776 – Declaration of Independence (most important day – birthday of the U.S.A.) – written mainly by Thomas Jefferson.
Civil War between the North and the South followed – it lasts about 60 years (boj o otroky).
1863 – Abraham Lincoln declared „Emancipation Resolution“ = slavery was abolished (otroctví bylo zrušeno).
After the Civil war – a great technological progress – the U.S.A. became the most powerfull state in the world. (They changed Great Britain).
24. October 1929 – stock market crash; „Great Depression“ followed
After the WW II. a long period of „Cold War“ with the Soviet Union started.
2 nd half of the 20 th century – marked with war conflicts – Corea, Vietnam, Irague etc.

Presidents: for example
1, George Washington – the first president of the U.S.A.; he was the president two times
3, Thomas Jefferson – he was the main author of Declaration of Independence
16, Abraham Lincoln – he was the president two times, he was killed in the theatre
26, Theodore Roosevelt – he is still the youngest president of the U.S.A.
35, John Fitzgerald Kennedy - very popular president, he was shot in 1963
40, Ronald Regan
43, George Walker Bush -
44, Barack Obama - he is the first African American to hold the office, before he was Senator
from Illinois


Věty podmínkové – If clauses

☺ vedlejší věty uvozené podmínkovými spojkami: if, providing a supposing (za předpokladu) in case that (v případě že), on condition that (za podmínky že)

3 typy podmínkového souvětí:
a) if = jestliže
☺ po if – budoucnost vyjádřená přítomným časem, v hlavní větě budoucí čas
☺ If I have time I will call you. – Jestliže budu mít čas, zavolám ti.

b) if = kdyby
☺ po if – minulý čas, v hlavní větě přítomný kondicionál
☺ If I had time I would call you. – Kdybych měl čas, zavolal bych ti.

c) neskutečná podmínka
☺ po if – předminulý čas, v hlavní větě minulý kondicionál
☺ If I had had time I would have called you. – Kdybych býval měl čas, býval bych ti zavolal.